_Regulation · Data protection_

# GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric)

Canonical ID: `5a818b62-5520-42dd-b13a-6e58aa98e12c`

- **Jurisdiction:** [European Union](/locations/european-union.md) (id: `1f672777-9422-4b11-8e4d-4fd9e8209c30`)
- **Kind:** `data_protection`
- **Status (derived):** in_effect
- **Effective:** 2018-05-25

GDPR Article 9 classifies biometric data for unique identification as special category data, prohibiting processing unless explicit consent, substantial public interest, or other exemptions apply. Directly applies to facial recognition, fingerprint, and other biometric AI systems.

## Sources (1)

1. https://gdpr-info.eu/art-9-gdpr/

## Status history

- **in_effect** · 2018-05-25 · agent-recon
    - Initial ingestion

## Common questions

### What does GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) cover?

GDPR Article 9 classifies biometric data for unique identification as special category data, prohibiting processing unless explicit consent, substantial public interest, or other exemptions apply. Directly applies to facial recognition, fingerprint, and other biometric AI systems.

### Where does GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) apply?

GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) is recorded as a data_protection applying in European Union on the DEPLOY registry.

### When did GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) take effect?

GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) is recorded as effective May 25, 2018 on the DEPLOY registry.

### Is GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) still in effect?

GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) is currently in effect and applies to covered operators in the named jurisdiction.

### What types of robots does GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) apply to?

GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric) is recorded as applying to biometric on the DEPLOY registry.

### Which robot models on the DEPLOY registry fall under GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric)?

8 robot models on the DEPLOY registry match the form-factor scope of GDPR Article 9 - Special Category Data (Biometric): Amazfit (Balance / Active / T-Rex / Helio), Apple Watch, Blackrock Neuroport Array, BrainQ Non-Invasive BCI and 4 others. Form-factor scope match does not by itself establish compliance status; review the underlying primary sources for each operator.


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