{
  "dataset": "robot-fatalities",
  "description": "Every reviewed, non-retracted fatal incident on the DEPLOY registry involving a robot, autonomous system, or driver-assist system, classified by operational autonomy class. Verified incident counts; complaints and unfiled reports are tracked separately.",
  "source": "https://registry.deploy.report/how-many-people-have-robots-killed",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0 (attribute DEPLOY, link the source page)",
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-05T12:19:07.934Z",
  "count": 32,
  "records": [
    {
      "slug": "williams-ford-robot-fatality-1979",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/williams-ford-robot-fatality-1979",
      "occurred_date": "1979-01-25",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "Robert Williams killed by industrial robot at Ford Michigan Casting Center — first known human fatality caused by a robot (1979)",
      "summary": "On January 25, 1979, Robert Nicholas Williams, a 25-year-old factory worker at Ford Motor Company's Michigan Casting Center in Flat Rock, Michigan, was struck and killed by the arm of a robotic transfer vehicle built by Litton Industries. Williams was climbing into a storage rack to retrieve castings manually when a one-ton transfer vehicle crushed him from behind, killing him instantly. His family sued Litton Industries and was awarded 10 million in 1983 (later raised to 15 million), the largest personal injury award in Michigan at the time. This is the first documented human killed by a robot.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": "Ford Motor Company",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/ford-motor",
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Williams_(robot_fatality)",
        "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850052/",
        "https://law.justia.com/cases/michigan/supreme-court/1989/81951-5.html"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "urada-kawasaki-robot-fatality-1981",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/urada-kawasaki-robot-fatality-1981",
      "occurred_date": "1981-07-04",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "Kenji Urada killed by industrial robot at Kawasaki Heavy Industries Akashi plant — first robot fatality in Japan (1981)",
      "summary": "On July 4, 1981, Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old maintenance worker at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries plant in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, was killed by an industrial robot. Urada jumped over a safety barrier designed to shut down power to the machine, and apparently started the robot inadvertently. The robot, built by Kawasaki under license from Unimation, pinned him against an adjacent machine and crushed him. Other workers were unable to stop the machine as they were unfamiliar with its operation. The Hyōgo labor standards bureau investigation concluded workers were not sufficiently familiar with the machines and the machines were not sufficiently regulated.",
      "model": "Kawasaki RS020N",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/kawasaki-rs020n",
      "company": "Kawasaki Robotics",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/kawasaki-robotics",
      "location": "Global",
      "deployment_slug": "kawasaki-rs020n-hq-aggregate",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenji_Urada",
        "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850052/",
        "https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/12/08/Robot-kills-man/2127376635600/",
        "https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/13/business/new-in-japan-the-manless-factory.html"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-jr-wheel-robot-cell-asphyxia-fatality-2001",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-jr-wheel-robot-cell-asphyxia-fatality-2001",
      "occurred_date": "2001-12-29",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker asphyxiated after robot started up in un-locked-out cell at JR Wheel (2001)",
      "summary": "On December 29, 2001, an employee at JR Wheel Inc. was cleaning up at the end of his shift and entered a robot cell that was not locked out. When the robot machinery started up, it grabbed his neck and pinned him under a wheel rim, asphyxiating him. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 304487655.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=304487655",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115130216/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=200101236"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-keihin-robotic-lifting-arm-fatality-2003",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-keihin-robotic-lifting-arm-fatality-2003",
      "occurred_date": "2003-12-13",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Heat-treat operator caught and killed by robotic lifting arm between oven and quench tank at Keihin IPT (2003)",
      "summary": "On December 13, 2003, a heat-treating equipment operator at Keihin IPT was caught in a robotic lifting arm between an oven and a quenching tank. He received massive injuries to both arms and was killed. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 306865981.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=306865981",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115130210/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=200991081"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-getrag-industrial-robot-fatality-2004",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-getrag-industrial-robot-fatality-2004",
      "occurred_date": "2004-03-30",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker killed by industrial robot after entering barricaded work cell at Getrag (2004)",
      "summary": "On March 30, 2004, an employee at Getrag Corporation entered a barricaded robot work cell while the system was in operation. An industrial robot that moved assembled products between a conveyor and testing machines caught him by the head or neck between a fixture on the robotic arm and the testing machine, killing him. Interlocked gates were present, but the worker may have entered by climbing the fence or crawling through product openings. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 307542589.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=307542589",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115130208/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=202075727"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-alliance-tech-robotic-arm-fatality-2006",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-alliance-tech-robotic-arm-fatality-2006",
      "occurred_date": "2006-07-24",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker crushed between robotic arm and workstation frame at Alliance Tech Systems (2006)",
      "summary": "On July 24, 2006, an employee at Alliance Tech Systems, a producer of medium-caliber ammunition, was killed when he was crushed between a robotic arm and the frame of one of the robot's workstations, with his head pinned. He appeared to be reaching to remove scrap dropped by the robot or to activate a reset button. Investigators found no malfunction in the robot's movement. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 309473502.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=309473502",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115130202/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=200631406"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-lenco-robotic-arm-fatality-2007",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-lenco-robotic-arm-fatality-2007",
      "occurred_date": "2007-05-13",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker struck by robotic arm while troubleshooting injection-molding machine, later dies, at Lenco (2007)",
      "summary": "On May 13, 2007, an employee at Lenco, Inc. (PMC) was troubleshooting a robotic arm used to remove CD jewel cases from an injection-molding machine when the arm cycled and struck him, causing blunt-force trauma to his head and ribs. He was hospitalized and died two weeks later. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 308685346.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=308685346",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115130200/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=200052975"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-golden-state-foods-robotic-palletizer-fatality-2009",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-golden-state-foods-robotic-palletizer-fatality-2009",
      "occurred_date": "2009-07-21",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker crushed by robotic palletizer arms after entering active cell at Golden State Foods (2009)",
      "summary": "At about 7:55 a.m. on July 21, 2009, an employee operating a robotic palletizer for Golden State Foods Corp, a food processor and packager, entered the caged robotic palletizer cell while the equipment was running and without de-energizing it. Her torso was crushed by the arms of the robotic palletizer as it attempted to pick up boxes on the roller conveyor, and she was killed. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 312661507.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=312661507",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=202475737"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-sodecia-transfer-robot-fatality-2012",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-sodecia-transfer-robot-fatality-2012",
      "occurred_date": "2012-12-15",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker struck from behind and killed by transfer robot inside work cell at Sodecia Sterling Heights (2012)",
      "summary": "On December 15, 2012, a 38-year-old employee at Sodecia Sterling Heights was working inside a robot work cell with the interlocked gates closed when he was struck from behind by a transfer robot, crushing his chest and neck and killing him. The worker had a lock attached to his belt loop at the time of the incident. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 315412452.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=315412452",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20250113102411/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=201392776"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-martinrea-robotic-drill-fatality-2013",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-martinrea-robotic-drill-fatality-2013",
      "occurred_date": "2013-03-07",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Maintenance worker struck and killed by robotic drilling/tapping machine at Martinrea Hopkinsville (2013)",
      "summary": "On March 7, 2013, an employee at Martinrea Hopkinsville, LLC, a motor-vehicle-body manufacturer, was performing maintenance on a robotic drilling and tapping machine when the robotic arm activated, struck him, and killed him. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 316864164.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=316864164",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/20250101062234/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=202570313"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "spx-goldsboro-transformer-fatal-2015-11-30",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/spx-goldsboro-transformer-fatal-2015-11-30",
      "occurred_date": "2015-11-30",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Two workers killed in transformer accident at SPX Transformer Solutions plant in Goldsboro, NC",
      "summary": "Two employees — Dennis Martin, 51, and Daniel Craig Anderson, 33 — died after entering a large transformer at the SPX Transformer Solutions facility in Goldsboro, NC. A third worker, William Saviak, 40, was hospitalized in serious condition after attempting to rescue his coworkers. OSHA and the North Carolina Industrial Commission investigated the incident.",
      "model": "CISBOT",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/spx-cisbot",
      "company": "SPX Corporation",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/spx-corporation",
      "location": "Port Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA (Elizabethtown Gas)",
      "deployment_slug": "spx-cisbot-port-elizabeth-new-jersey-us",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://abc11.com/post/two-killed-one-injured-in-goldsboro-plant-accident/1104633/",
        "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/us/snplus/news/2015/11/30/2-killed-in-transformer-accident-in-wayne-co-"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-ajin-elsea-robot-crushing-fatality-2016",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-ajin-elsea-robot-crushing-fatality-2016",
      "occurred_date": "2016-06-18",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Temporary worker Regina Elsea crushed to death by assembly-line robot at Ajin USA auto-parts plant (2016)",
      "summary": "On June 18, 2016, Regina Elsea, a 20-year-old temporary worker at Joon LLC (dba Ajin USA), an auto-parts supplier to Kia and Hyundai in Cusseta, Alabama, was fatally crushed when she and coworkers entered a robotic station to clear a sensor fault and a robot restarted abruptly, pinning her inside the cell. She died the next day. OSHA's investigation cited Ajin USA and staffing agencies Alliance Total Solutions and Joynus Staffing for 27 violations, including 19 egregious instance-by-instance willful violations tied to lockout/tagout and machine-guarding failures, with proposed penalties of about $2.5 million. (U.S. DOL/OSHA news release, Dec. 14, 2016.)",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/osha/osha20161214-0",
        "https://www.osha.gov/ooc/citations/Joon_Ajin_1156866.pdf",
        "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/auto-parts-manufacturing-company-sentenced-worker-death-case",
        "https://www.manufacturingdive.com/news/ajin-usa-joon-OSHA-hyundai-supplier-safety-penalty/644590/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "uber-atg-herzberg-tempe-2018",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/uber-atg-herzberg-tempe-2018",
      "occurred_date": "2018-03-18",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "ads_testing_with_operator",
      "form_factor": "av",
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "Uber ATG self-driving test vehicle struck and killed pedestrian Elaine Herzberg in Tempe, Arizona - the first pedestrian death caused by an autonomous vehicle (2018)",
      "summary": "On March 18, 2018, a Volvo XC90 operated by Uber Advanced Technologies Group (ATG) in autonomous mode struck and killed pedestrian Elaine Herzberg, 49, as she crossed a road in Tempe, Arizona. A human safety operator, Rafaela Vasquez, was aboard as required for the developmental automated driving system (ADS) but was not watching the road at the moment of the collision. The NTSB (docket HWY18MH010, report HAR-19/03) found the ADS failed to correctly classify Herzberg and the operator's inattention as immediate causes, with Uber ATG's inadequate safety culture contributing. Vasquez later pleaded guilty to endangerment (2023). Operational class: ads_testing_with_operator - autonomous mode engaged with a human safety monitor aboard, the boundary between driverless ADS (no human aboard) and driver-assist ADAS (a human driving). This is the first pedestrian fatality caused by an autonomous vehicle on the verified record.",
      "model": "Uber ATG Self-Driving Vehicle (Volvo XC90)",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/uber-atg-xc90",
      "company": "Uber ATG",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/uber-atg",
      "location": "United States (multiple hotel chains)",
      "deployment_slug": "uber-atg-xc90-united-states-usa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAR1903.pdf",
        "https://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/Pages/2019-HWY18MH010-BMG.aspx"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "pipistrel-alpha-electro-fatal-stadskanaal-2018-10-13",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/pipistrel-alpha-electro-fatal-stadskanaal-2018-10-13",
      "occurred_date": "2018-10-13",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Fatal loss of control accident with Pipistrel Alpha Electro near Stadskanaal airfield, Netherlands",
      "summary": "On 13 October 2018, an Italian-registered Pipistrel Alpha Electro (I-D057) crashed near Stadskanaal airfield in the Netherlands, killing the sole pilot. The Dutch Safety Board determined the accident was caused by a low airspeed situation close to stall speed, leading to a stall and incipient spin from which the aircraft did not recover. Contributing factors included the aircraft's full-span flaperons, unusual landing configuration of +25° flaps on base leg, lack of a stall warning system, and the pilot's limited experience with the Alpha Electro. The aircraft caught fire post-impact and was destroyed. This was the first accident worldwide with a Pipistrel Alpha Electro and the first with an electric-powered aircraft in the Netherlands.",
      "model": "Velis Electro",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/pipistrel-velis-electro",
      "company": "Pipistrel",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/pipistrel",
      "location": "Dayton, Ohio, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "pipistrel-velis-electro-dayton-ohio-usa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/216236",
        "https://onderzoeksraad.nl/en/onderzoek/fatal-loss-of-control-pipistrel-alpha-electro-near-stadskanaal/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "chemchina-hebei-shenghua-explosion-2018",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/chemchina-hebei-shenghua-explosion-2018",
      "occurred_date": "2018-11-28",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "ChemChina subsidiary Hebei Shenghua chemical plant explosion kills 24 in Hebei, China",
      "summary": "A vinyl chloride gas leak from a tank at a ChemChina subsidiary (Hebei Shenghua Chemical Industry Co.) polyvinyl chloride plant in Shengfang, Hebei Province ignited, causing a massive explosion that killed 23 people immediately and one more in hospital. Over 2,000 cubic meters of vinyl chloride leaked due to an overly thinned tank seal. Government investigators faulted Shenghua managers for grossly ignoring safety, hiding company responsibility initially, allowing staff to be absent or sleep on the job, and lacking safety training and procedures. 12 Shenghua staffers including the general manager faced criminal investigation, and 15 ChemChina employees were subject to party discipline.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": "China National Chemical Corporation",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/chemchina",
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://cen.acs.org/safety/industrial-safety/ChemChina-faulted-deadly-accident/97/i6",
        "https://www.reuters.com/article/world/chemchina-says-gas-leak-at-hebei-plant-caused-blast-that-killed-23-idUSKCN1NZ0UQ/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "wing-loong-ii-tripoli-academy-strike-2020",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/wing-loong-ii-tripoli-academy-strike-2020",
      "occurred_date": "2020-01-04",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "UAE-operated Wing Loong II drone strike on Tripoli military academy kills 26 cadets",
      "summary": "A BBC Africa Eye investigation revealed that the UAE used a Wing Loong II drone to fire a Chinese Blue Arrow 7 missile at a military academy in Tripoli, Libya, in January 2020, killing 26 unarmed cadets. The drone was operated from Libya's Al-Khadim air base under UAE control.",
      "model": "Wing Loong II",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/wing-loong-2",
      "company": "CAIG",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/caig",
      "location": "Riyadh",
      "deployment_slug": "wing-loong-saudi-arabia",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53917791",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli_military_school_airstrike"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-ambrose-okura-palletizer-fatality-2021",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-ambrose-okura-palletizer-fatality-2021",
      "occurred_date": "2021-01-14",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker crushed and killed by Okura robotic palletizer arm at Ambrose Sales (2021)",
      "summary": "At about 3:30 p.m. on January 14, 2021, a 57-year-old employee at Ambrose Sales Inc. was working inside a robotic cell cage servicing an Okura robotic palletizer arm when he was struck by the arm and caught between the arm and the rollers. He was crushed and killed. OSHA accident investigation (inspection 1510311.015) noted inadequate lockout/tagout, machine-guarding deficiencies, and maintenance performed on an energized robotic system.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=1510311.015",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=132449.015"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-unipres-spot-welding-robot-fatality-2022",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-unipres-spot-welding-robot-fatality-2022",
      "occurred_date": "2022-09-01",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker fatally crushed by spot-welding robot during maintenance at Unipres Southeast (2022)",
      "summary": "At about 9:15 p.m. on September 1, 2022, a 27-year-old precision assembler at Unipres Southeast U.S.A., Inc. was placing welding tips into a welding-tip cartridge for a spot-welding robot when the robot activated and fatally crushed him. The equipment had not been properly secured with lockout procedures. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 1619852.015.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=1619852.015",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=149420.015"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "hirschbach-osha-fatality-2023-03",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/hirschbach-osha-fatality-2023-03",
      "occurred_date": "2023-03-31",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Hirschbach truck driver killed in fall from semi trailer",
      "summary": "A 63-year-old female truck driver was killed on March 31, 2023 after falling from a semi trailer while preparing to wash it out. OSHA Inspection #1661692.015, NAICS 484121. This was a workplace fatality, not an autonomous-driving incident.",
      "model": "Hirschbach Autonomous Freight Operations",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/hirschbach-autonomous-freight",
      "company": "Hirschbach Motor Lines",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/hirschbach",
      "location": "Dallas→Laredo, Texas, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "hirschbach-dallas-laredo-autonomous",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=155270.015"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "fatality-2023-11-10-quantum-surgical",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/fatality-2023-11-10-quantum-surgical",
      "occurred_date": "2023-11-10",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": "surgical",
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Patient death during Epione-assisted liver cancer ablation procedure in France",
      "summary": "A 70-year-old male patient treated for liver cancer by irreversible electroporation (IRE) with the Epione device to place 6 needles experienced severe abdominal bleeding at the end of the intervention. The patient underwent artery embolization and blood transfusion but subsequently died. The manufacturer's investigation found no device malfunction; the root cause was attributed to planned needle trajectories being too close to or crossing critical vascular structures, compounded by absence of intermediate control CT scans as recommended in the user manual.",
      "model": "Epione",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/epione",
      "company": "Quantum Surgical",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/quantum-surgical",
      "location": "Leeds, UK",
      "deployment_slug": "epione-leeds-uk",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfmaude/detail.cfm?mdrfoi__id=18290630&pc=JAK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "fatality-2023-11-28-tesla",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/fatality-2023-11-28-tesla",
      "occurred_date": "2023-11-28",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "driver_assist_adas",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Tesla Model Y on FSD struck and killed pedestrian Johna Story on Arizona highway, first known FSD pedestrian fatality",
      "summary": "A Tesla Model Y operating in Full Self-Driving mode struck and killed 71-year-old pedestrian Johna Story on an Arizona highway between Flagstaff and Phoenix. Story had stepped out of her vehicle to direct traffic around an earlier accident when the Tesla, traveling at high speed, hit her in reduced-visibility conditions from sun glare. This was the first known pedestrian fatality linked to Tesla FSD and triggered NHTSA's reduced-visibility investigation, later upgraded to Engineering Analysis EA26002 covering 3.2M vehicles. Tesla quietly settled the lawsuit with Story's family in June 2026 on undisclosed terms.",
      "model": "Tesla Optimus",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/tesla-optimus",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/tesla",
      "location": "Orlando, Florida, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "tesla-robotaxi-orlando-tampa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://electrek.co/2026/06/26/tesla-fsd-pedestrian-death-settlement/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-markman-peat-robotic-arm-crushing-fatality-2024",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-markman-peat-robotic-arm-crushing-fatality-2024",
      "occurred_date": "2024-02-22",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: Worker crushed to death by robotic arm inside conveyor cage at Markman Peat Corp (2024)",
      "summary": "On February 22, 2024, a 44-year-old machine operator at Markman Peat Corp. entered a robotic cage area on a production conveyor line. He was caught within the cage under a robotic arm and died from crushing injuries to his chest. The employer indicated the worker likely crossed the conveyor, causing the robotic arm to treat him as cargo and crush him between the equipment and the cage structure. OSHA accident investigation, inspection 1730087.015.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=1730087.015",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=164368.015"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "osha-traffic-materials-robotic-arm-fatality-2024",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/osha-traffic-materials-robotic-arm-fatality-2024",
      "occurred_date": "2024-12-02",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "not_applicable",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "OSHA: 18-year-old machine operator killed by robotic arm during sensor maintenance (2024)",
      "summary": "On December 2, 2024, an 18-year-old machine operator (employer: Traffic Materials Supplier, LLC) was performing maintenance on a sensor inside a robotic enclosure. The robot had been stopped by entrance sensors, but while he cleaned the sensor a coworker reset the machine from the control panel, unaware he was still inside. The robotic arm activated, struck him, and reportedly lifted and placed him onto a roller platform; he sustained fatal internal and external injuries. OSHA accident investigation (inspection 1790802.015) cited lockout/tagout and machine-guarding failures.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": null,
      "company_url": null,
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=1790802.015",
        "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=172270.015"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "waymo-sf-soma-chain-reaction-fatality-2025-01-18",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/waymo-sf-soma-chain-reaction-fatality-2025-01-18",
      "occurred_date": "2025-01-18",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "27-year-old Mikhael Romanenko killed in SoMa chain-reaction crash involving speeding Tesla and stationary Waymo robotaxi",
      "summary": "On January 18, 2025, a black Tesla traveling at approximately 98 mph struck multiple vehicles stopped at a red light at the intersection of Sixth and Harrison streets in San Francisco's SoMa neighborhood, causing a chain reaction that damaged seven vehicles. Among the impacted vehicles was an unoccupied, stationary Waymo robotaxi. Mikhael Romanenko, a 27-year-old software developer, and his dog were killed in the crash; several others sustained injuries. The Tesla driver, Jia Lin Zheng, 66, was arrested and charged with vehicular manslaughter. The Waymo was stationary at a red light and its autonomous system played no active role in causing the crash, but the robotaxi was part of the crash sequence.",
      "model": "Waymo Driver (6th gen)",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/waymo-driver-gen6",
      "company": "Waymo",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/waymo",
      "location": "Sacramento, California, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "waymo-driver-gen6-sacramento-california",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/san-francisco/victim-deadly-multi-vehicle-crash/3768552/",
        "https://sfstandard.com/2025/01/19/san-francisco-car-crash-one-dead-waymo-hit/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "waymo-tempe-motorcyclist-fatality-2025-09-14",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/waymo-tempe-motorcyclist-fatality-2025-09-14",
      "occurred_date": "2025-09-14",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Motorcyclist killed in Tempe crash involving Waymo robotaxi and hit-and-run driver near ASU campus",
      "summary": "On September 14, 2025, at approximately 1:30 AM, a motorcyclist was killed in a multi-vehicle crash near Lemon Street and Rural Road in Tempe, Arizona, near the ASU campus. An unoccupied Waymo robotaxi was making a right turn and yielding to pedestrians when the motorcyclist rear-ended the self-driving car. Within a second, a separate vehicle struck the motorcyclist and fled the scene; police later tracked down the hit-and-run driver, an ASU student. The motorcyclist was transported to the hospital and pronounced dead. Waymo stated it was fully cooperating with law enforcement and regulators. This is the third known fatal incident involving a robocar, occurring approximately 2 miles from the 2018 Uber ATG fatality site.",
      "model": "Waymo Driver (6th gen)",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/waymo-driver-gen6",
      "company": "Waymo",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/waymo",
      "location": "Sacramento, California, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "waymo-driver-gen6-sacramento-california",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.12news.com/article/news/local/valley/motorcyclist-killed-in-tempe-crash-involving-a-waymo/75-72c3e6d9-a5a0-4c31-a4c8-91ec285685d2",
        "https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2025/09/14/waymo-involved-apparently-not-at-fault-in--motorcycle-fatality/",
        "https://www.azfamily.com/2025/09/14/1-person-killed-multi-car-crash-near-asu-tempe-campus/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "intuitive-davinci-sureform-stapler-fatality-2025-12",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/intuitive-davinci-sureform-stapler-fatality-2025-12",
      "occurred_date": "2025-12-20",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": 1,
      "headline": "Patient death linked to da Vinci SureForm 30 Gray stapler reload producing incomplete staple line on blood vessel",
      "summary": "Intuitive Surgical reported one patient death and four serious injuries associated with incomplete staple line formation from 8mm SureForm 30 Gray Reloads used with the da Vinci Surgical System. The da Vinci robot returned a completed stapler fire, but the staple line was incomplete, causing the cut blood vessel to bleed and requiring conversion to open surgery. Intuitive learned of the death in late December 2025 and issued a recall recommendation on March 11, 2026; the FDA classified it as a Class I recall on May 5, 2026.",
      "model": "da Vinci (and Ion)",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/intuitive-da-vinci",
      "company": "Intuitive Surgical",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/intuitive-surgical",
      "location": "Hong Kong, China",
      "deployment_slug": "intuitive-da-vinci-hong-kong-china",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/medtech/intuitive-recalls-surgical-stapler-reloads-following-patient-death",
        "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-recalls-and-early-alerts/surgical-stapler-reload-recall-intuitive-surgical-removes-8mm-sureform-30-gray-reloads"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "joshua-baer-plane-crash-laredo-2026",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/joshua-baer-plane-crash-laredo-2026",
      "occurred_date": "2026-06-16",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Capital Factory founder Joshua Baer killed in plane crash near Laredo, Texas",
      "summary": "Joshua Baer, founder and CEO of Capital Factory, was killed when a Cessna 680A business jet operated by NetJets crashed on Loop 20 near Laredo, Texas. The aircraft, arriving from San José del Cabo, Mexico, lost both engines during approach. NTSB investigation reported an unusual vibration before the dual engine failure. Baer's dog also died. Motorists on the highway assisted survivors.",
      "model": null,
      "model_url": null,
      "company": "Capital Factory",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/capital-factory",
      "location": null,
      "deployment_slug": null,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/06/17/laredo-plane-crash-josh-baer-capital-factory/",
        "https://www.kut.org/transportation/2026-07-10/ntsb-joshua-baer-plane-crash-report-laredo-tx-texas-austin-tech"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "tesla-katy-tx-fatal-crash-2026-06-19",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/tesla-katy-tx-fatal-crash-2026-06-19",
      "occurred_date": "2026-06-19",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Tesla Model 3 crashes into Katy, TX home killing 76-year-old Martha Avila; NHTSA opens special crash investigation",
      "summary": "A Tesla Model 3 reportedly using an advanced driver assistance system slammed into a home in Katy, Texas on June 19, 2026, killing 76-year-old Martha Avila inside. The driver, Michael Butler, 44, was charged with manslaughter. NHTSA opened a special crash investigation on June 22, 2026, the most in-depth form of inquiry the agency conducts.",
      "model": "Tesla Optimus",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/tesla-optimus",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/tesla",
      "location": "Orlando, Florida, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "tesla-robotaxi-orlando-tampa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-opens-probe-into-fatal-tesla-crash-into-texas-home-2026-06-22/",
        "https://apnews.com/article/tesla-selfdriving-robotaxis-crash-investigation-musk-d0a9a3fbe237b6f7f9b6d33be618e946",
        "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/22/tesla-nhtsa-model-3-crash-autopilot-katy-texas.html"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "fatality-2026-06-19-tesla",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/fatality-2026-06-19-tesla",
      "occurred_date": "2026-06-19",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "driver_assist_adas",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Tesla driver charged with manslaughter after FSD crash into Texas home kills woman",
      "summary": "Michael David Butler, 44, was charged with manslaughter after his Tesla Model 3 crashed into a Texas home on June 19 2026, killing Martha Avila. Butler told police the vehicle was operating in Full Self-Driving mode at the time of the crash. This is one of the first manslaughter charges involving a Tesla FSD fatality.",
      "model": "Tesla Optimus",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/tesla-optimus",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/tesla",
      "location": "Orlando, Florida, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "tesla-robotaxi-orlando-tampa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tesla-driver-charged-manslaughter-crash-texas-home-rcna352885",
        "https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/Pages/HWY26FH014.aspx",
        "https://techcrunch.com/2026/07/15/tesla-driver-in-fatal-texas-crash-pressed-accelerator-100-ntsb-confirms/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "fatality-2026-06-28-tesla",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/fatality-2026-06-28-tesla",
      "occurred_date": "2026-06-28",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": "driver_assist_adas",
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "First recorded Tesla Semi fatal crash kills two people in Nevada",
      "summary": "A Tesla Semi electric truck struck two passenger vehicles stopped at a red light on US-50 near Dayton, Nevada, killing two people and sending one to the hospital. The driver reportedly fell asleep at the wheel. This is the first known fatal crash involving a Tesla Semi.",
      "model": "Semi",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/tesla-semi",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/tesla",
      "location": "Orlando, Florida, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "tesla-robotaxi-orlando-tampa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2026-07-02/first-recorded-tesla-semi-crash-kills-two-people"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "tesla-fsd-katy-tx-fatality-2026-06-29",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/tesla-fsd-katy-tx-fatality-2026-06-29",
      "occurred_date": "2026-06-29",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Tesla FSD Supervised vehicle crashes into Katy TX home at 70+ mph, killing 76-year-old resident; driver pressed accelerator 100%",
      "summary": "A Tesla vehicle traveling over 70 mph crashed into a house in Katy, Texas, killing 76-year-old resident Martha Avila. NTSB preliminary report (HWY26FH014) confirmed the driver pressed the accelerator pedal to 100%, overriding Tesla's Full Self-Driving (Supervised) software. The driver, 44-year-old Michael Butler, was charged with manslaughter. The victim's family sued both Butler and Tesla claiming negligence. NHTSA is also probing the incident. Robot nexus: vehicle was operating with Tesla FSD (Supervised) autonomous driving software engaged.",
      "model": "Tesla Optimus",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/tesla-optimus",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/tesla",
      "location": "Orlando, Florida, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "tesla-robotaxi-orlando-tampa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://techcrunch.com/2026/07/15/tesla-driver-in-fatal-texas-crash-pressed-accelerator-100-ntsb-confirms/",
        "https://abc7news.com/story/katy-texas-crash-michael-butler-charged-manslaughter-tesla-crashes-home-killing-woman/19443106/",
        "https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/Pages/HWY26FH014.aspx"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "tesla-autopilot-motorcyclist-fatality-austin-2026-07-28",
      "record_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/tesla-autopilot-motorcyclist-fatality-austin-2026-07-28",
      "occurred_date": "2026-07-28",
      "kind": "fatality",
      "autonomy_class": null,
      "form_factor": null,
      "fatality_count": null,
      "headline": "Tesla in Autopilot mode strikes and kills motorcyclist ejected onto TX-130 in Travis County",
      "summary": "On July 28, 2026, a motorcyclist suffered a rear-tire blowout on northbound TX-130 Toll near Decker Lake Road, Travis County, and was ejected onto the roadway. The rider was struck by an SUV (whose driver initially fled and was later charged) and then by a Tesla operating in Autopilot mode; the Tesla driver reported the vehicle did not detect the rider. The motorcyclist died at the scene. Texas DPS is investigating. Robot nexus: the Tesla was operating in Autopilot, Tesla's autonomous driver-assistance system; Tesla is a registry AV/robotaxi company.",
      "model": "Cybercab",
      "model_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/models/tesla-cybercab",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "company_url": "https://registry.deploy.report/companies/tesla",
      "location": "Orlando, Florida, USA",
      "deployment_slug": "tesla-robotaxi-orlando-tampa",
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.fox7austin.com/news/travis-county-deadly-crash-motorcyclist-killed-after-being-hit-2-vehicles",
        "https://www.kvue.com/article/news/local/deadly-crash-sh-130-traffic-fm-969-travis-county-sheriffs-office/269-85dc9864-cf83-4bd3-8f7d-cf273bb83aa8",
        "https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/fatal-crash-shuts-down-northbound-sh-130-near-fm-969"
      ]
    }
  ]
}