{"incidents":[{"id":"f9afb254-7856-45b9-b570-f0d1333eeaa8","slug":"waymo-atlanta-flood-suspension-2026-05","kind":"malfunction","headline":"Waymo suspended Atlanta robotaxi service after a robotaxi was stuck amid flooding (May 2026)","summary":"In May 2026, Waymo suspended robotaxi operations in Atlanta after at least one robotaxi was reported stuck in the city amid flooding conditions. The suspension was part of a broader effort to address Waymo robotaxis driving into flooded areas, which also affected San Antonio. The company had been working on software to help its fleet avoid flooded areas.","occurredAt":"2026-05-21T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","deploymentId":"61bba43f-6a4a-4cb8-b679-c5a1861e3575","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T00:12:17.081Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T00:12:40.274Z","model":{"id":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","companyId":"2128addc-20c8-4c31-aef5-be5ada97aede","modelName":"Waymo Driver 6th-gen","slug":"waymo-driver-gen6","description":"The sixth-generation Waymo Driver is Waymo's autonomous driving stack for fully autonomous robotaxi service. The platform integrates 13 cameras, 4 lidars, 6 radars, and external audio receivers, with overlapping 360° coverage and a detection range up to roughly 500 meters in nominal conditions. Compared to the fifth-generation system on the Jaguar I-PACE, the sixth-gen system uses 42% fewer total sensors. Waymo says the per-unit hardware cost is targeted under $20,000 — a more than 50% reduction from the 5th-gen system. Currently runs on the Zeekr RT (sold as the “Ojai” robotaxi, purpose-built without a steering wheel or pedals) and the Hyundai IONIQ 5; began fully autonomous commercial operations in February 2026.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"fully_autonomous","generation":6,"lidar_count":4,"radar_count":6,"camera_count":13,"vehicle_platforms":"Zeekr RT (Ojai); Hyundai IONIQ 5","external_audio_receivers":true,"detection_range_m_nominal_approx":500,"target_unit_cost_usd_under_waymo_stated":20000},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2024/08/meet-the-6th-generation-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Meet the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (primary announcement, sensor suite + cost targets)","publishedAt":"2024-08-19"},{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/ro-on-6th-gen-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Beginning fully autonomous operations with the 6th-gen Driver (primary, commercial launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/waymo-begins-deploying-next-gen-ojai-robotaxis-to-extend-its-us-lead.html","label":"CNBC — Waymo begins deploying next-gen Ojai robotaxis (third-party trade coverage of the launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.wardsauto.com/news/archive-auto-waymo-6th-generation-driver-autonomous-driving-hardware-robotaxi-lidar-ai/725519/","label":"WardsAuto — Inside the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (third-party deep-dive on the hardware suite)","publishedAt":"2024-08-29"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T04:41:57.633Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:05.059Z"},"deployment":{"id":"61bba43f-6a4a-4cb8-b679-c5a1861e3575","modelId":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","versionId":null,"locationId":"263675db-eb2c-442b-9cd0-ee7c85d55eee","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"waymo-driver-gen6-atlanta","status":"active","firstSeen":"2025-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/","label":"Extracted by /admin/extract (awaiting human review)","title":"Extracted by /admin/extract (awaiting human review)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"machine-extracted","publishedAt":"2026-05-21"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/18/waymo-texas-florida-2026.html","label":"Atlanta operational via Uber, since 2025","title":"Atlanta operational via Uber, since 2025","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CNBC","publishedAt":"2025-11-18"}],"notes":"Operator: Waymo, available exclusively through the Uber app under a deep fleet-integration agreement. Fully-driverless commercial service in Atlanta since 2025 (covers Midtown, Brookhaven, Decatur). Service was temporarily paused during May 2026 flooding/safety fixes per some reports.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Launched","value":"2025"},{"label":"Access","value":"Exclusively via Uber app (fleet-integration)"}],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T00:02:43.861Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:10:37.171Z"},"company":null},{"id":"ee5117ab-c126-4ac4-9a5d-d831c3c782ab","slug":"waymo-freeway-service-suspension-2026-05","kind":"other","headline":"Waymo temporarily suspended freeway robotaxi service in four cities to improve construction-zone performance (May 2026)","summary":"In May 2026, Waymo confirmed it had suspended robotaxi service on freeways in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Miami while it worked to improve performance in construction zones. The company said it was integrating recent technical learnings into its software and expected to resume the routes soon; robotaxis continued operating on surface streets in those cities. Waymo did not cite a specific incident behind the decision. Waymo had begun offering highway rides in late 2025, a capability the company described as important to connecting riders to airports and reducing trip times in large metro areas.","occurredAt":"2026-05-21T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","deploymentId":null,"companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T00:12:16.194Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T00:12:42.841Z","model":{"id":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","companyId":"2128addc-20c8-4c31-aef5-be5ada97aede","modelName":"Waymo Driver 6th-gen","slug":"waymo-driver-gen6","description":"The sixth-generation Waymo Driver is Waymo's autonomous driving stack for fully autonomous robotaxi service. The platform integrates 13 cameras, 4 lidars, 6 radars, and external audio receivers, with overlapping 360° coverage and a detection range up to roughly 500 meters in nominal conditions. Compared to the fifth-generation system on the Jaguar I-PACE, the sixth-gen system uses 42% fewer total sensors. Waymo says the per-unit hardware cost is targeted under $20,000 — a more than 50% reduction from the 5th-gen system. Currently runs on the Zeekr RT (sold as the “Ojai” robotaxi, purpose-built without a steering wheel or pedals) and the Hyundai IONIQ 5; began fully autonomous commercial operations in February 2026.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"fully_autonomous","generation":6,"lidar_count":4,"radar_count":6,"camera_count":13,"vehicle_platforms":"Zeekr RT (Ojai); Hyundai IONIQ 5","external_audio_receivers":true,"detection_range_m_nominal_approx":500,"target_unit_cost_usd_under_waymo_stated":20000},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2024/08/meet-the-6th-generation-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Meet the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (primary announcement, sensor suite + cost targets)","publishedAt":"2024-08-19"},{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/ro-on-6th-gen-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Beginning fully autonomous operations with the 6th-gen Driver (primary, commercial launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/waymo-begins-deploying-next-gen-ojai-robotaxis-to-extend-its-us-lead.html","label":"CNBC — Waymo begins deploying next-gen Ojai robotaxis (third-party trade coverage of the launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.wardsauto.com/news/archive-auto-waymo-6th-generation-driver-autonomous-driving-hardware-robotaxi-lidar-ai/725519/","label":"WardsAuto — Inside the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (third-party deep-dive on the hardware suite)","publishedAt":"2024-08-29"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T04:41:57.633Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:05.059Z"},"deployment":null,"company":null},{"id":"afa981dd-971b-499c-ab9e-06e55afc64c7","slug":"waymo-san-antonio-flood-recall-2026-05","kind":"recall","headline":"Waymo issued a software recall and halted San Antonio service over robotaxis driving into floods (May 2026)","summary":"In May 2026, Waymo announced a software recall intended to help its robotaxi fleet avoid flooded areas in San Antonio, Texas, where service had been halted for several weeks while the company worked on a more permanent fix. The action was part of a broader effort to address Waymo robotaxis driving into flooded areas, which also led to a service suspension in Atlanta.","occurredAt":"2026-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","deploymentId":"204a4a25-abb1-41a7-84e3-55ae8632c730","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T23:18:00.557Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T00:12:18.265Z","model":{"id":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","companyId":"2128addc-20c8-4c31-aef5-be5ada97aede","modelName":"Waymo Driver 6th-gen","slug":"waymo-driver-gen6","description":"The sixth-generation Waymo Driver is Waymo's autonomous driving stack for fully autonomous robotaxi service. The platform integrates 13 cameras, 4 lidars, 6 radars, and external audio receivers, with overlapping 360° coverage and a detection range up to roughly 500 meters in nominal conditions. Compared to the fifth-generation system on the Jaguar I-PACE, the sixth-gen system uses 42% fewer total sensors. Waymo says the per-unit hardware cost is targeted under $20,000 — a more than 50% reduction from the 5th-gen system. Currently runs on the Zeekr RT (sold as the “Ojai” robotaxi, purpose-built without a steering wheel or pedals) and the Hyundai IONIQ 5; began fully autonomous commercial operations in February 2026.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"fully_autonomous","generation":6,"lidar_count":4,"radar_count":6,"camera_count":13,"vehicle_platforms":"Zeekr RT (Ojai); Hyundai IONIQ 5","external_audio_receivers":true,"detection_range_m_nominal_approx":500,"target_unit_cost_usd_under_waymo_stated":20000},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2024/08/meet-the-6th-generation-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Meet the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (primary announcement, sensor suite + cost targets)","publishedAt":"2024-08-19"},{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/ro-on-6th-gen-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Beginning fully autonomous operations with the 6th-gen Driver (primary, commercial launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/waymo-begins-deploying-next-gen-ojai-robotaxis-to-extend-its-us-lead.html","label":"CNBC — Waymo begins deploying next-gen Ojai robotaxis (third-party trade coverage of the launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.wardsauto.com/news/archive-auto-waymo-6th-generation-driver-autonomous-driving-hardware-robotaxi-lidar-ai/725519/","label":"WardsAuto — Inside the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (third-party deep-dive on the hardware suite)","publishedAt":"2024-08-29"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T04:41:57.633Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:05.059Z"},"deployment":{"id":"204a4a25-abb1-41a7-84e3-55ae8632c730","modelId":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","versionId":null,"locationId":"1bfadeb9-800b-46f1-80bb-e802ad0159ac","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"waymo-driver-gen6-san-antonio","status":"paused","firstSeen":"2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-pauses-atlanta-service-as-its-robotaxis-keep-driving-into-floods/","label":"TechCrunch — Waymo San Antonio service halted, software recall for flooding","title":"TechCrunch — Waymo San Antonio service halted, software recall for flooding","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-21"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/","label":"Extracted by /admin/extract (awaiting human review)","title":"Extracted by /admin/extract (awaiting human review)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"machine-extracted","publishedAt":"2026-05-21"}],"notes":null,"keyFacts":[],"reviewNote":"[machine-extracted from https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/]","createdAt":"2026-05-25T23:17:59.617Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T00:02:43.892Z"},"company":null},{"id":"cc5e3f13-0bd6-405f-a68a-a87696b73e79","slug":"avride-nhtsa-probe-16-crashes-2026-05","kind":"regulatory_action","headline":"NHTSA opened an investigation into Avride after 16 robotaxi crashes in Dallas and Austin","summary":"On May 6, 2026, NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation opened an investigation into Avride after identifying 16 crashes (December 2025–March 2026) involving its Hyundai Ioniq 5 robotaxis in Dallas and Austin, with one minor injury. The crashes involved vehicles executing lane changes into other vehicles, failing to slow or stop behind cars, and striking stationary objects (including a dumpster); most occurred at speeds below 20 mph while an in-vehicle safety operator was present, with the safety monitor attempting to intervene in only one. NHTSA described the pattern as 'inappropriate assertiveness and insufficient competence,' noting it 'may also constitute traffic safety violations.' The minor injury occurred in December 2025 when an Avride vehicle clipped the open door of a parked pickup truck; it was reported later via insurance and did not require hospitalization.","occurredAt":"2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"ea6e1e0c-2941-46e1-858d-3e95ec7482d7","deploymentId":null,"companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:09.129Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:31.866Z","model":{"id":"ea6e1e0c-2941-46e1-858d-3e95ec7482d7","companyId":"4143e494-260e-49c8-8d04-3e85d9c7218a","modelName":"Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)","slug":"avride-robotaxi","description":"Avride's robotaxi — a fully-electric Hyundai Ioniq 5 equipped with Avride's automated driving system (ADS). Provides public passenger rides integrated into the Uber ride-hailing platform in Dallas and Austin, Texas, with an in-vehicle safety operator present. Most reported crashes occurred at speeds below 20 mph. Avride separately operates a fleet of sidewalk delivery robots (a distinct, smaller cooler-sized form factor) for Uber Eats and Grubhub.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"platform":"integrated into Uber ride-hailing app","supervision":"in-vehicle safety operator present","base_vehicle":"Hyundai Ioniq 5 (fully electric)"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://stocktwits.com/news-articles/markets/equity/uber-partner-avride-faces-nhtsa-probe-after-16-robotaxis-crashes-in-texas/cZX2wLERegn","label":"Avride ADS-equipped Hyundai Ioniq 5 robotaxis, public passenger rides on Uber in Dallas","title":"Avride ADS-equipped Hyundai Ioniq 5 robotaxis, public passenger rides on Uber in Dallas","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Stocktwits","publishedAt":"2026-05-08"},{"url":"https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/robotaxi-operator-under-investigation-for-crashes-in-dallas/4023503/","label":"Ioniq 5, safety operators, most crashes below 20 mph","title":"Ioniq 5, safety operators, most crashes below 20 mph","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"NBC DFW","publishedAt":"2026-05-12"}],"aliases":["Avride Ioniq 5","Avride ADS"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:07.952Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:19.710Z"},"deployment":null,"company":null},{"id":"3cd8fee5-dedb-41df-84d9-355ba710a715","slug":"apollo-go-wuhan-service-malfunction-2026-03-31","kind":"malfunction","headline":"Apollo Go robotaxis in Wuhan stranded passengers in service-wide malfunction","summary":"On the evening of March 31, 2026, multiple users in Hubei Province reported that Apollo Go's robotaxi service in Wuhan had collectively malfunctioned, with passengers reportedly stranded in vehicles on elevated highways and main roads. Apollo Go customer service stated the abnormal vehicle driving behavior was caused by network issues. The incident affected the company's largest and flagship deployment.","occurredAt":"2026-03-31T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":null,"deploymentId":"83760238-bea0-4248-a420-c6147e7ac8b4","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:16:21.939Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T17:16:57.306Z","model":null,"deployment":{"id":"83760238-bea0-4248-a420-c6147e7ac8b4","modelId":"29ce99f0-cb31-489e-a802-d0beb09138ab","versionId":null,"locationId":"ad012fe2-b521-4c4c-8f14-775f51b19b27","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"apollo-rt6-wuhan","status":"active","firstSeen":"2022-08-08T00:00:00.000Z","manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/20/global-robotaxi-race-heats-up-between-us-and-chinese-rivals.html","label":"1,000+ vehicles, largest China deployment, per-vehicle profitability, 70% driverless","title":"1,000+ vehicles, largest China deployment, per-vehicle profitability, 70% driverless","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CNBC","publishedAt":"2025-11-20"},{"url":"https://www.aol.com/news/baidu-bags-chinas-first-fully-022310539.html","label":"Wuhan — China's first fully-driverless commercial robotaxi permit","title":"Wuhan — China's first fully-driverless commercial robotaxi permit","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Reuters (via AOL)","publishedAt":"2022-08-08"}],"notes":"Operator: Baidu (Apollo Go runs its own service). Apollo Go's largest and flagship robotaxi deployment, operating 1,000+ vehicles in Wuhan — the largest robotaxi deployment in China. Fully-driverless commercial service (Wuhan and Chongqing received China's first fully-driverless commercial robotaxi permits in August 2022). Roughly 70% of Apollo Go's Wuhan operations run without a safety driver. Wuhan is where Apollo Go reached per-vehicle profitability — ridership offsets a local taxi fare ~30% cheaper than Beijing/Shanghai. The deployment has been progressively expanded in operating area, fleet size, and hours.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Fleet","value":"1,000+ vehicles (largest in China)"},{"label":"Service type","value":"Fully-driverless commercial (~70% driverless)"},{"label":"Permit","value":"China's first fully-driverless commercial permit (Aug 2022)"},{"label":"Unit economics","value":"Reached per-vehicle profitability"}],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:16:20.861Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T17:16:51.581Z"},"company":null},{"id":"05b6f09a-542d-42ff-9c98-8b5f1314fc86","slug":"serve-chicago-bus-shelter-2026-03-22","kind":"property_damage","headline":"Serve Robotics delivery robot 'Nasir' shattered a CTA bus shelter in Chicago's West Town","summary":"On Sunday, March 22, 2026, a Serve Robotics sidewalk delivery robot named 'Nasir' crashed through the glass panel of a CTA bus shelter at Grand Avenue and Racine Avenue in Chicago's West Town neighborhood, sending shattered glass across the sidewalk. No one was injured. Video of the crash (captured by Centre Construction Group, whose office is adjacent) went viral, amassing millions of views. Serve sent a human support crew to clear the glass, said it took the matter seriously, and committed to covering the repair cost. The incident drew the attention of Ald. Walter 'Red' Burnett (27th) and intensified scrutiny of Chicago's sidewalk delivery robot pilot program. Weeks later, Serve placed an apology advertisement at the same repaired shelter featuring the robot ('Nasir is sorry'). It occurred days before a similar Coco Robotics crash in Old Town.","occurredAt":"2026-03-22T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":null,"deploymentId":null,"companyId":"fe7b5d4c-4e52-4f57-8593-b8289761539b","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:44:09.430Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:44:22.358Z","model":null,"deployment":null,"company":{"id":"fe7b5d4c-4e52-4f57-8593-b8289761539b","name":"Serve Robotics","slug":"serve-robotics","description":"Serve Robotics builds autonomous sidewalk delivery robots, spun out of Postmates after Uber's acquisition. Now a public company (NASDAQ: SERV) operating in Los Angeles, Vancouver, and other markets, primarily through a partnership with Uber Eats.","status":"public","founded":2017,"hq":"San Francisco, CA","fundingTotal":null,"type":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.serverobotics.com","label":"Serve Robotics — Company website"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serve_Robotics","label":"Wikipedia — Serve Robotics"},{"url":"https://ir.serverobotics.com","label":"Serve Robotics — Investor relations (public filings)"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Listing","value":"Public — Nasdaq: SERV"},{"label":"Robots","value":"Sidewalk delivery robots (Uber Eats and other partners)"},{"label":"Origin","value":"Spun out of Postmates (Uber)"},{"label":"Notable incident","value":"Robot 'Nasir' shattered a Chicago CTA bus shelter (Mar 2026)"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.236Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T20:33:53.166Z"}},{"id":"482c926e-09de-4a24-affd-0a333f005eec","slug":"tesla-robotaxi-austin-nhtsa-crash-record-2025-2026","kind":"collision","headline":"Tesla robotaxis logged 17 NHTSA-reported incidents in Austin, including two teleoperator-caused crashes","summary":"Tesla's Austin robotaxi operation carries a federally-mandated crash-reporting record: 17 NHTSA-reported incidents (July 2025-March 2026), including two crashes attributed to teleoperators. Reported crash rates run approximately 4-9x worse than human drivers depending on benchmark; Tesla's own data has been reported to confirm a rate ~3x worse than humans even with a safety monitor present. Transparency note (Electrek, April 2026): Tesla redacts all crash narratives as 'confidential business information' in its NHTSA filings — unlike Waymo, Zoox, Aurora, and Nuro, which provide full incident descriptions — and a July 2025 crash was quietly upgraded months later to include a hospitalization that Tesla never publicly disclosed. Context: Austin PD reported zero major crashes and no citations over the period; figures are attributed to NHTSA filings and reporting.","occurredAt":"2026-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","deploymentId":"7538300f-62ac-452d-8ab7-36fef779acc8","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:17.324Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T23:47:38.220Z","model":{"id":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","companyId":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","modelName":"Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS)","slug":"tesla-robotaxi","description":"Tesla's robotaxi service vehicle — a 2026 Model Y operating with Tesla's Autonomous Driving System (ADS, based on Full Self-Driving) engaged. In Austin, some vehicles operate unsupervised (no in-car safety monitor); in the Bay Area, a safety driver is present as required by California law. A teleoperator can remotely assist/pilot a vehicle at speeds under 10 mph for repositioning. Tesla's purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Cybercab — intended as the dedicated robotaxi vehicle at scale — was expected to begin production around April 2026 (not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026). Maturity: pilot (early commercial service under heavy supervision and scrutiny; not yet at-scale).","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://robotaxi-safety-tracker.com/expansion.html","label":"2026 Model Y w/ ADS; unsupervised Austin vs supervised Bay Area; teleoperator <10mph; Cybercab production ~Apr 2026","title":"2026 Model Y w/ ADS; unsupervised Austin vs supervised Bay Area; teleoperator <10mph; Cybercab production ~Apr 2026","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robotaxi Safety Tracker","publishedAt":"2026-02-04"}],"aliases":["Tesla Robotaxi","Tesla Model Y robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:16.405Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:31.412Z"},"deployment":{"id":"7538300f-62ac-452d-8ab7-36fef779acc8","modelId":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","versionId":null,"locationId":"1220c8d4-4aaf-45b2-80dc-ba28b580bd42","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"tesla-robotaxi-austin","status":"active","firstSeen":"2025-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://robotaxi-safety-tracker.com/expansion.html","label":"Austin unsupervised L4, ~72 vehicles, monitors being removed from some","title":"Austin unsupervised L4, ~72 vehicles, monitors being removed from some","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robotaxi Safety Tracker","publishedAt":"2026-02-04"},{"url":"https://www.basenor.com/blogs/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-safety-record-what-nhtsa-data-shows","label":"Austin PD: no major crashes, no citations; all events 2026 Model Y w/ monitor","title":"Austin PD: no major crashes, no citations; all events 2026 Model Y w/ monitor","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Basenor","publishedAt":"2026-05-19"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/","label":"Austin 19->14 active unsupervised; US total 20 active, down from 25 cumulative","title":"Austin 19->14 active unsupervised; US total 20 active, down from 25 cumulative","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-05-26"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/18/tesla-robotaxi-launches-dallas-houston-small-geofences/","label":"Austin ~80 total fleet, 4-12 unsupervised, ~245 sq mi geofence","title":"Austin ~80 total fleet, 4-12 unsupervised, ~245 sq mi geofence","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-18"}],"notes":"Operator: Tesla, unsupervised robotaxi service (some vehicles without in-car safety monitor) launched July 2025; Austin is the flagship deployment city with a geofence grown to ~245 sq mi over ~a year.\n\nFleet reality (attributed): independent and reported figures put Austin's total fleet at roughly 42-80 vehicles, of which only a handful (reported 4-12) operate unsupervised at a given time; the rest carry safety monitors and all are remotely supervised. Active-fleet trajectory (Robotaxi Tracker, via Electrek, May 26 2026): Austin's unsupervised active fleet (7-day) declined from 19 to 14. Tesla's TOTAL US unsupervised active fleet was ~20 (14 Austin / 3 Dallas / 3 Houston), down from 25 cumulative in late April; the unsupervised fleet peaked late March/early April 2026 and has declined since. These 'active' counts are attributed to Robotaxi Tracker and are distinct from cumulative vehicles ever deployed.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Active unsupervised (Austin)","value":"~14 (7-day active, May 2026, Robotaxi Tracker); down from 19"},{"label":"Total Austin fleet","value":"~42-80 vehicles (most with safety monitors)"},{"label":"Geofence","value":"~245 sq mi (grown over ~1 year)"},{"label":"US unsupervised active total","value":"~20 (14 Austin/3 Dallas/3 Houston), down from 25 cumulative"}],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:16.711Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T23:47:36.599Z"},"company":null},{"id":"dc9653ab-52bd-4610-97d3-b5b474d74541","slug":"zoox-sf-door-collision-2026-01-17","kind":"injury","headline":"Zoox robotaxi struck an opening car door in San Francisco, injuring a street ambassador","summary":"On January 17, 2026, around 2 p.m., a Zoox robotaxi in San Francisco collided with a suddenly-opened parked-car door, injuring a street ambassador (Jamel Durden, per reporting). The San Francisco Police Department opened an investigation and the California DMV reviewed the incident; Zoox filed a mandatory crash report. The collision raised questions about Zoox's edge-case detection as it expanded early-rider programs in SF and Las Vegas, adding to a pattern of recalls and operational issues.","occurredAt":"2026-01-17T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":null,"deploymentId":"288044af-7d0f-481c-9d2d-c1a0730eb360","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:11.842Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:54.280Z","model":null,"deployment":{"id":"288044af-7d0f-481c-9d2d-c1a0730eb360","modelId":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","versionId":null,"locationId":"0d5aa2e8-c47a-41e2-b0b9-ccfbf395e193","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"zoox-robotaxi-san-francisco","status":"active","firstSeen":"2024-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/30/zoox-custom-robotaxis-are-finally-coming-to-san-francisco-and-las-vegas","label":"Zoox demo rides starting in SoMa, San Francisco","title":"Zoox demo rides starting in SoMa, San Francisco","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2024-10-30"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/12/23/zoox-issues-software-recall-over-lane-crossings/","label":"Zoox provides free public rides in parts of SF and Las Vegas","title":"Zoox provides free public rides in parts of SF and Las Vegas","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2025-12-23"}],"notes":"Operator: Zoox (Amazon). Zoox operates FREE public demonstration robotaxi rides in parts of San Francisco (starting in the SoMa neighborhood, where Zoox has an operations center) using its purpose-built robotaxi. IMPORTANT STATUS: free demonstration service, NOT paid commercial — needs further federal approval; paid commercial planned for 2026. SF is the site of the January 17, 2026 incident in which a Zoox robotaxi struck a suddenly-opened parked-car door, injuring a street ambassador, prompting an SFPD investigation and California DMV review.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Service type","value":"FREE public demonstration rides (not yet paid commercial)"},{"label":"Area","value":"SoMa (Zoox operations center) and parts of SF"},{"label":"Paid commercial","value":"Planned 2026 (pending federal approval)"}],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:10.322Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:47.054Z"},"company":null},{"id":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","slug":"zoox-lane-crossing-recall-2025-12","kind":"recall","headline":"Zoox recalled 332 robotaxis over unnecessary lane-crossings near intersections","summary":"In December 2025, Zoox issued a software recall covering 332 robotaxis after identifying 62 cases (between August 26 and December 5, 2025) where vehicles crossed lane markings unnecessarily near intersections — some partial, some fully into opposing lanes. The issue was first detected in late August after a robotaxi made a wide right turn and paused partially in the opposing lane in front of oncoming traffic. No collisions were associated with the issue, but Zoox told NHTSA it could increase crash risk. This was Zoox's third software recall in 2025 (after the March braking and May Las Vegas recalls), totaling nearly 900 vehicles across the three.","occurredAt":"2025-12-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","deploymentId":null,"companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:11.382Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:57.195Z","model":{"id":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","companyId":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","modelName":"Zoox Robotaxi","slug":"zoox-robotaxi","description":"Zoox's purpose-built, bidirectional autonomous robotaxi — built from the ground up with no steering wheel or pedals, designed for carriage-style seating. Operates Zoox's free public demonstration rides in San Francisco (SoMa) and Las Vegas (the Strip). Zoox separately runs a fleet of retrofitted Toyota Highlanders (with human safety operators) for testing in additional cities. Maturity: pilot — running free public demo rides, not yet approved/launched as paid commercial service.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"test_fleet":"retrofitted Toyota Highlander (with safety operators)","configuration":"purpose-built, bidirectional, no steering wheel or pedals"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/06/amazon-owned-zoox-issues-recall-following-robotaxi-crash/","label":"Purpose-built robotaxi (no wheel/pedals) + Highlander test fleet","title":"Purpose-built robotaxi (no wheel/pedals) + Highlander test fleet","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2025-05-06"}],"aliases":["Zoox purpose-built robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:09.786Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:45.239Z"},"deployment":null,"company":null},{"id":"bfef11aa-6ccf-42a4-a4fd-d60d474d0f1c","slug":"avride-jersey-city-cyclist-injury-2025-10-22","kind":"injury","headline":"Avride delivery robot struck a cyclist in Jersey City, who suffered a broken clavicle and concussion","summary":"On October 22, 2025, around 5 p.m., a cyclist (Conor Shannon, 32) riding home in a bike lane on Varick Street in Jersey City crashed when an Avride delivery robot, operated in partnership with Uber, unexpectedly darted into the bike lane in front of him. He was thrown over his handlebars, suffering a concussion and a broken clavicle; he reported the robot then attempted to leave the scene. Shannon, represented by attorney Adam Lederman, plans to sue Uber and Avride. Reported as the first crash involving a delivery robot in New Jersey and one of the first delivery-robot personal-injury lawsuits of its kind.","occurredAt":"2025-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":null,"deploymentId":"349eadca-5b4f-4aec-8497-de0c78ebe967","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:09.979Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:28.658Z","model":null,"deployment":{"id":"349eadca-5b4f-4aec-8497-de0c78ebe967","modelId":"ea6e1e0c-2941-46e1-858d-3e95ec7482d7","versionId":null,"locationId":"911b848e-cebb-4a6f-bb39-5b06884bbb05","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"avride-delivery-jersey-city","status":"active","firstSeen":"2025-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.newsweek.com/bicyclist-suing-crash-delivery-robot-new-jersey-lawsuit-11952852","label":"Avride delivery robots in Jersey City since Feb 2025, first East Coast city","title":"Avride delivery robots in Jersey City since Feb 2025, first East Coast city","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Newsweek","publishedAt":"2026-05-11"}],"notes":"Operator: Avride with Uber Eats. Avride sidewalk delivery robots (cooler-sized, distinct from the Ioniq 5 robotaxi) operate in Jersey City, New Jersey — introduced February 2025, the first East Coast city to offer Uber 'delivery by robot.' Site of the October 22, 2025 cyclist injury (see incident). NOTE: linked to the Avride model record as the operator's delivery program; the delivery bots are a different form factor than the robotaxi but share the operator. (If a distinct delivery-bot model is later created, repoint this deployment.)","keyFacts":[{"label":"Service","value":"Uber Eats sidewalk delivery robots"},{"label":"Launched","value":"February 2025 (first US East Coast robot-delivery city)"}],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:08.648Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:21.211Z"},"company":null},{"id":"881e52c7-fe27-42b1-bdfa-6b5dda316315","slug":"serve-weho-mobility-scooter-collision-2025-09-12","kind":"other","headline":"Serve Robotics delivery robot and mobility-scooter user involved in sidewalk encounter, West Hollywood (Sept 2025)","summary":"In approximately September 2025, in West Hollywood, California, a Serve Robotics sidewalk delivery robot and Mark Chaney, a man with cerebral palsy using a mobility scooter, were involved in a sidewalk encounter captured on video that subsequently circulated widely on social media. Chaney reported that the robot moved erratically and impeded his path as he attempted to pass it. Serve Robotics stated that its robot did not reverse into him but abruptly stopped upon sensing a pedestrian in close proximity (described as its fail-safe state), and characterized the event as a single instance of contact; the company said its safety system, intended to predict pedestrian intent and yield right of way, instead caused the robot to impede their way. The incident drew attention to accessibility and pedestrian-safety questions around sidewalk delivery robots and was referenced amid California discussion of sidewalk-robot regulation.","occurredAt":"2025-09-12T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"a2afce41-277c-435b-9bb1-e4f7eff0f066","deploymentId":"c5d2d119-c24b-4c7d-98ee-5d41823567e7","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T00:00:15.042Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T22:46:02.942Z","model":{"id":"a2afce41-277c-435b-9bb1-e4f7eff0f066","companyId":"fe7b5d4c-4e52-4f57-8593-b8289761539b","modelName":"Serve Gen 3","slug":"serve-gen3","description":"Serve's third-generation autonomous sidewalk delivery robot. Uses a multi-sensor stack for sidewalk navigation, with remote oversight available. Operates in active service across Los Angeles, including via Uber Eats integration.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"autonomous_with_remote_oversight","payload_class":"food_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.serverobotics.com/robots","label":"Serve Robotics — Robots page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.315Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.438Z"},"deployment":{"id":"c5d2d119-c24b-4c7d-98ee-5d41823567e7","modelId":"a2afce41-277c-435b-9bb1-e4f7eff0f066","versionId":null,"locationId":"5c934778-d5e7-46d3-abd9-a58f4fed9940","operatorId":"fe7b5d4c-4e52-4f57-8593-b8289761539b","ownerId":null,"slug":"serve-gen3-west-hollywood","status":"active","firstSeen":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://wehoonline.com/update-robot-roadblock-west-hollywood-resident-calls-action-sidewalk-incident/","label":"WEHOonline — Serve sidewalk delivery robot operating in West Hollywood"},{"url":"https://beverlypress.com/2023/10/delivery-robots-draw-ire-of-weho-residents/","label":"Beverly Press / Park Labrea News — Serve robots in West Hollywood","publishedAt":"2023-10-01"}],"notes":null,"keyFacts":[],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T18:26:30.874Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-24T23:32:14.778Z"},"company":null},{"id":"248bdaf3-8333-459f-bd27-b6c7912ff9c6","slug":"zoox-las-vegas-collision-recall-2025-04-08","kind":"recall","headline":"Zoox recalled ~270 robotaxis after a Las Vegas collision with a passenger car","summary":"On April 8, 2025, an unoccupied Zoox purpose-built robotaxi collided with a passenger car in Las Vegas. No injuries occurred and damage to both vehicles was minor. Zoox paused all driverless operations for over a week, then issued a voluntary software recall covering approximately 270 vehicles, after determining its automated driving system could inaccurately predict another vehicle's movement and increase crash risk. Zoox resumed operations after deploying the software update fleet-wide. This was Zoox's second recall of 2025 (the first, ~258 vehicles in March 2025, addressed unexpected hard braking).","occurredAt":"2025-04-08T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","deploymentId":null,"companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:10.708Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:58.755Z","model":{"id":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","companyId":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","modelName":"Zoox Robotaxi","slug":"zoox-robotaxi","description":"Zoox's purpose-built, bidirectional autonomous robotaxi — built from the ground up with no steering wheel or pedals, designed for carriage-style seating. Operates Zoox's free public demonstration rides in San Francisco (SoMa) and Las Vegas (the Strip). Zoox separately runs a fleet of retrofitted Toyota Highlanders (with human safety operators) for testing in additional cities. Maturity: pilot — running free public demo rides, not yet approved/launched as paid commercial service.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"test_fleet":"retrofitted Toyota Highlander (with safety operators)","configuration":"purpose-built, bidirectional, no steering wheel or pedals"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/06/amazon-owned-zoox-issues-recall-following-robotaxi-crash/","label":"Purpose-built robotaxi (no wheel/pedals) + Highlander test fleet","title":"Purpose-built robotaxi (no wheel/pedals) + Highlander test fleet","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2025-05-06"}],"aliases":["Zoox purpose-built robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:09.786Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:45.239Z"},"deployment":null,"company":null},{"id":"1f37cdfc-b118-40e8-850e-cb44326448e0","slug":"starship-helsinki-parked-car-2025","kind":"property_damage","headline":"Starship Technologies delivery robot reportedly struck a parked car and left the scene, Helsinki (2025)","summary":"According to reporting by Futurism in 2025, a Starship Technologies delivery robot struck a parked car in Helsinki, Finland, and continued on without reporting the damage. The incident was cited in coverage of sidewalk delivery robot safety and accountability questions. Details beyond the reported contact and departure are limited.","occurredAt":"2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"7d0a26f0-7eb2-4e9c-b713-1caebc6a5484","deploymentId":null,"companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T22:46:04.726Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T22:46:35.517Z","model":{"id":"7d0a26f0-7eb2-4e9c-b713-1caebc6a5484","companyId":"9fa14702-0c5f-4c07-a300-79665ed32dd9","modelName":"Starship Bot","slug":"starship-bot","description":"Starship's six-wheeled autonomous sidewalk delivery robot. Insulated cargo compartment, route mapping via lidar/camera fusion, operates primarily on sidewalks at low speed.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"wheels":6,"drive_mode":"autonomous_with_remote_oversight","payload_class":"consumer_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.starship.xyz/robots","label":"Starship — Robots page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.903Z"},"deployment":null,"company":null},{"id":"89d0513e-2fa1-4eba-8588-cdaa98882fb7","slug":"waymo-serve-weho-collision-2024-12-27","kind":"collision","headline":"Waymo robotaxi and Serve Robotics delivery robot collided in West Hollywood (Dec 2024)","summary":"On December 27, 2024, a Waymo autonomous vehicle and a Serve Robotics sidewalk delivery robot collided at an intersection in West Hollywood, Los Angeles, according to reporting by TechCrunch citing video circulating on social media. The footage shows the Serve robot crossing a street at night and attempting to mount the curb; as it backed up to correct its position and moved toward the ramp, a Waymo vehicle making a right turn struck the robot. No injuries were reported. The collision is notable as a documented contact between two autonomous systems operating in shared urban space.","occurredAt":"2024-12-27T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","deploymentId":null,"companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T22:46:04.364Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T22:46:40.675Z","model":{"id":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","companyId":"2128addc-20c8-4c31-aef5-be5ada97aede","modelName":"Waymo Driver 6th-gen","slug":"waymo-driver-gen6","description":"The sixth-generation Waymo Driver is Waymo's autonomous driving stack for fully autonomous robotaxi service. The platform integrates 13 cameras, 4 lidars, 6 radars, and external audio receivers, with overlapping 360° coverage and a detection range up to roughly 500 meters in nominal conditions. Compared to the fifth-generation system on the Jaguar I-PACE, the sixth-gen system uses 42% fewer total sensors. Waymo says the per-unit hardware cost is targeted under $20,000 — a more than 50% reduction from the 5th-gen system. Currently runs on the Zeekr RT (sold as the “Ojai” robotaxi, purpose-built without a steering wheel or pedals) and the Hyundai IONIQ 5; began fully autonomous commercial operations in February 2026.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"fully_autonomous","generation":6,"lidar_count":4,"radar_count":6,"camera_count":13,"vehicle_platforms":"Zeekr RT (Ojai); Hyundai IONIQ 5","external_audio_receivers":true,"detection_range_m_nominal_approx":500,"target_unit_cost_usd_under_waymo_stated":20000},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2024/08/meet-the-6th-generation-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Meet the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (primary announcement, sensor suite + cost targets)","publishedAt":"2024-08-19"},{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/ro-on-6th-gen-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Beginning fully autonomous operations with the 6th-gen Driver (primary, commercial launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/waymo-begins-deploying-next-gen-ojai-robotaxis-to-extend-its-us-lead.html","label":"CNBC — Waymo begins deploying next-gen Ojai robotaxis (third-party trade coverage of the launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.wardsauto.com/news/archive-auto-waymo-6th-generation-driver-autonomous-driving-hardware-robotaxi-lidar-ai/725519/","label":"WardsAuto — Inside the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (third-party deep-dive on the hardware suite)","publishedAt":"2024-08-29"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T04:41:57.633Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:05.059Z"},"deployment":null,"company":null},{"id":"b295c427-fd57-40c9-b4a2-739319ee9ae6","slug":"cruise-sf-pedestrian-dragging-2023-10-02","kind":"injury","headline":"Cruise driverless robotaxi dragged a pedestrian ~20 feet in San Francisco","summary":"On the night of Oct 2, 2023, at the intersection of Market and 5th streets in San Francisco, a human hit-and-run driver struck a woman crossing the street, knocking her into the path of a driverless Cruise robotaxi (a Chevrolet Bolt AV). The Cruise vehicle braked but ran over the pedestrian and, failing to detect that she was trapped underneath, attempted a pull-over maneuver — dragging her approximately 20 feet to the curb at about 7 mph. The woman suffered severe injuries and was hospitalized for months. The incident became the most consequential robotaxi safety event in US history, not only for the crash but for Cruise's subsequent failure to disclose the dragging to regulators. Cruise's initial NHTSA report and a same-day verbal briefing omitted the secondary movement and dragging; the omission was characterized by federal prosecutors as rendering the report inaccurate and incomplete. The fallout: the California DMV suspended Cruise's driverless permits and the CPUC suspended its testing permit within ~3 weeks; Cruise pulled all driverless vehicles off the road nationwide; CEO Kyle Vogt resigned in Nov 2023; and the company faced penalties from four directions — a $112,500 CPUC settlement, a $1.5 million NHTSA civil penalty (consent order), a $500,000 federal criminal fine via a DOJ deferred prosecution agreement for filing a false report, and a reported $8-12 million settlement with the injured pedestrian. GM stopped funding Cruise's robotaxi business in Dec 2024.","occurredAt":"2023-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":null,"deploymentId":"8cc5494e-c5c6-401a-b67f-b5fd7338e8af","companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T12:58:38.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T12:58:51.558Z","model":null,"deployment":{"id":"8cc5494e-c5c6-401a-b67f-b5fd7338e8af","modelId":"dfa7309e-7258-4202-8902-3b6abf10533c","versionId":null,"locationId":"0d5aa2e8-c47a-41e2-b0b9-ccfbf395e193","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"cruise-sf","status":"ended","firstSeen":"2021-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)","label":"Cruise — Sept 2021 CA DMV driverless permit, Nov 2021 first ride, Feb 2022 public, Oct 2023 suspension","title":"Cruise — Sept 2021 CA DMV driverless permit, Nov 2021 first ride, Feb 2022 public, Oct 2023 suspension","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/nhtsa-robotaxi-cruise-pay-penalty-failing-report-san-francisco-crash-involving-pedestrian/","label":"CBS — DMV suspended permits; Cruise pulled cars nationwide","title":"CBS — DMV suspended permits; Cruise pulled cars nationwide","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2024-11-12"}],"notes":"Operator: Cruise (GM subsidiary, ran its own service). Cruise operated a driverless (no safety driver) commercial robotaxi service in San Francisco — first driverless ride Nov 2021, open to the public Feb 2022 — under a CPUC driverless deployment permit. The service ENDED after the Oct 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident: the California DMV suspended Cruise's driverless permits, the CPUC suspended its testing permit ~3 weeks later, and Cruise pulled all driverless vehicles off the road nationwide. GM stopped funding the robotaxi business in Dec 2024. Status: ended. See linked incident (cruise-sf pedestrian dragging) and regulation (CA permit suspension).","keyFacts":[],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T12:58:37.891Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T12:58:48.658Z"},"company":null},{"id":"138d1546-6c98-483c-88ce-4ace7f75232f","slug":"starship-asu-pedestrian-injury-2023-09","kind":"injury","headline":"Starship Technologies delivery robot reportedly struck and injured a pedestrian at Arizona State University (Sept 2023)","summary":"According to a police report obtained via public-records request by 404 Media and made public in September 2024, a semi-autonomous Starship Technologies delivery robot struck a pedestrian employed by Arizona State University on the Tempe campus in approximately September 2023. The report states the robot abruptly changed direction and backed into the woman, knocking her to the ground, and that it subsequently reversed toward her again while she was still on the ground; a responding officer noted she appeared injured and complained of lower back pain. The report indicates video footage reviewed by police showed no apparent cause for the robot's movement. The company reportedly offered the pedestrian its insurance information and promotional codes following the incident.","occurredAt":"2023-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"7d0a26f0-7eb2-4e9c-b713-1caebc6a5484","deploymentId":null,"companyId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T22:46:03.650Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T22:46:45.114Z","model":{"id":"7d0a26f0-7eb2-4e9c-b713-1caebc6a5484","companyId":"9fa14702-0c5f-4c07-a300-79665ed32dd9","modelName":"Starship Bot","slug":"starship-bot","description":"Starship's six-wheeled autonomous sidewalk delivery robot. Insulated cargo compartment, route mapping via lidar/camera fusion, operates primarily on sidewalks at low speed.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"wheels":6,"drive_mode":"autonomous_with_remote_oversight","payload_class":"consumer_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.starship.xyz/robots","label":"Starship — Robots page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.903Z"},"deployment":null,"company":null}]}