{"id":"3958436f-3e6a-4b82-a1cd-a43486420145","slug":"nhtsa-cruise-articulated-vehicle-recall-2023","kind":"recall","headline":"Cruise recalls 300 ADS units (NHTSA 23E-029) over articulated-vehicle misprediction","summary":"NHTSA recall campaign 23E-029 (Cruise LLC, received 2023-04-03). Cruise recalled Automated Driving Systems that could inaccurately predict the movement of articulated vehicles such as buses and tractor-trailers, increasing crash risk. The recall followed a March 2023 incident in which a Cruise AV collided with the rear of an articulated San Francisco Muni bus. Cruise updated the ADS software at no cost; all affected vehicles repaired by March 25, 2023. Potential units affected: 300.","occurredAt":"2023-04-03T12:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":null,"deploymentId":null,"companyId":"ce8ff680-3fe7-4398-b31b-f85dc3073f3a","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"severity":"moderate","rootCauseCategory":"planning_perception_error","rootCauseDetail":"ADS inaccurately predicted movement of articulated vehicles (buses/tractor-trailers).","affectedUnitsCount":300,"affectedUnitsBasis":"exact","remediationStatus":"remediated","regulatoryAction":"recall_ordered","regulatoryBody":"NHTSA","propertyDamageEstimateUsd":null,"damageEstimateBasis":null,"bodilyInjurySeverity":"minor","fatalityCount":0,"lossCostClass":null,"sourceQualityTier":1,"createdAt":"2026-06-25T02:50:45.196Z","updatedAt":"2026-06-25T10:11:52.732Z","model":null,"deployment":null,"company":{"id":"ce8ff680-3fe7-4398-b31b-f85dc3073f3a","name":"Cruise","slug":"cruise","description":"Autonomous vehicle company founded 2013, acquired by General Motors in 2016; operated as a largely autonomous GM subsidiary building driverless robotaxis. Launched driverless (no safety driver) taxi service in San Francisco (first driverless ride Nov 2021; open to public Feb 2022). Following the Oct 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident and subsequent regulatory fallout, suspended all operations Oct 2023; CEO/co-founder Kyle Vogt resigned Nov 2023. Began returning vehicles to public roads (with human safety drivers) May 2024. In December 2024, GM stopped funding Cruise's robotaxi business, folding the autonomous-driving work into driver-assistance systems for personal GM vehicles. The driverless-robotaxi business is effectively ended.","status":"GM subsidiary (robotaxi ops wound down Dec 2024)","founded":2013,"hq":"San Francisco, California, USA","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)","label":"Cruise — history, GM acquisition, Oct 2023 suspension, Dec 2024 GM defunding","title":"Cruise — history, GM acquisition, Oct 2023 suspension, Dec 2024 GM defunding","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/nhtsa-robotaxi-cruise-pay-penalty-failing-report-san-francisco-crash-involving-pedestrian/","label":"CBS — Cruise suspended operations after Oct 2 2023 pedestrian accident","title":"CBS — Cruise suspended operations after Oct 2 2023 pedestrian accident","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2024-11-12"},{"url":"https://www.chinatalk.media/p/ponyais-robotaxis-and-the-long-road","label":"GM axed Cruise funding Dec 2024 after major accident","title":"GM axed Cruise funding Dec 2024 after major accident","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"ChinaTalk","publishedAt":"2025-01-03"},{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000119312524274336/d917047dex991.htm","label":"GM press release (8-K Exhibit 99.1, Dec 10 2024): GM will no longer fund Cruise robotaxi development; combine Cruise + GM technical teams; >US$1B annual spending reduction","title":"GM press release (8-K Exhibit 99.1, Dec 10 2024): GM will no longer fund Cruise robotaxi development; combine Cruise + GM technical teams; >US$1B annual spending reduction","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"SEC EDGAR (GM 8-K, Dec 10 2024)","publishedAt":"2024-12-10"},{"url":"https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2018/c181003eng.html","label":"Honda joins Cruise and GM: US$2.75B total commitment (US$750M equity investment + ~US$2B over 12 years)","title":"Honda joins Cruise and GM: US$2.75B total commitment (US$750M equity investment + ~US$2B over 12 years)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Honda (global.honda newsroom)","publishedAt":"2018-10-03"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/24/cpuc-pulls-cruise-robotaxi-permit-after-dmv-suspension/","title":"CPUC pulls Cruise's robotaxi permit after DMV suspension (Oct 24, 2023)","sourceName":"TechCrunch"},{"url":"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/news-and-media/dmv-statement-on-cruise-llc-suspension/","title":"California DMV statement on the Cruise LLC permit suspension (Oct 2023)","sourceName":"California DMV (official)"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/10/gm-halts-funding-of-robotaxi-development-by-cruise.html","title":"GM exits the robotaxi market; halts funding of Cruise development (Dec 10, 2024)","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://calmatters.org/economy/2023/10/driverless-cars-cruise-dmv/","title":"Two state agencies ground Cruise driverless cars for public safety (Oct 2023)","sourceName":"CalMatters"},{"url":"https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/general-motors-shuts-cruise-robotaxi-unit-mary-barra/735205/","title":"GM shuts its Cruise robotaxi unit (Dec 2024)","sourceName":"Smart Cities Dive"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Status","value":"Robotaxi service ENDED, GM defunded Dec 2024"},{"label":"Owner","value":"General Motors (with prior Honda investment)"},{"label":"Investment history","value":"Honda committed $2.75B; GM invested billions before defunding"},{"label":"Defining event","value":"SF pedestrian-dragging, Oct 2, 2023"},{"label":"Regulatory outcome","value":"CA DMV/CPUC permit suspension; nationwide driverless halt"},{"label":"Vehicle","value":"Cruise AV (Chevy Bolt), reached commercial maturity"},{"label":"GM defunding (Dec 2024)","value":"On Dec 10, 2024 GM announced it will no longer fund Cruise's robotaxi development, combining Cruise LLC and GM technical teams into a single autonomous/assisted-driving effort (Super Cruise)"},{"label":"GM restructuring savings","value":"GM expects to lower spending by more than US$1B annually after the Cruise restructuring (per Dec 10, 2024 release)"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T12:56:52.861Z","updatedAt":"2026-06-25T00:03:44.334Z"},"derived":{"status":"active"},"sources":[],"responses":[],"statusEvents":[],"jsonLd":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/nhtsa-cruise-articulated-vehicle-recall-2023","url":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/nhtsa-cruise-articulated-vehicle-recall-2023","headline":"Cruise recalls 300 ADS units (NHTSA 23E-029) over articulated-vehicle misprediction","description":"NHTSA recall campaign 23E-029 (Cruise LLC, received 2023-04-03). Cruise recalled Automated Driving Systems that could inaccurately predict the movement of articulated vehicles such as buses and tractor-trailers, increasing crash risk. The recall followed a March 2023 incident in which a Cruise AV collided with the rear of an articulated San Francisco Muni bus. Cruise updated the ADS software at no cost; all affected vehicles repaired by March 25, 2023. Potential units affected: 300.","identifier":"3958436f-3e6a-4b82-a1cd-a43486420145","datePublished":"2023-04-03T12:00:00.000Z","articleSection":"recall","publisher":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"},"author":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"}},"framework_metadata":{"framework_schema_version":"0.1.0","verification_status":"claimed-not-verified","maturity_stage":null,"lifecycle_state":null,"architectural_position":{"cohort":null,"sub_cohorts":[]},"within_cohort_verified_vs_claimed_pair":null,"cap_flags":[],"verification_depth":{"sources_count":0,"primary_source_types":[]}}}