{"id":"433577c2-2a8f-4061-bd42-2b73c18dc668","slug":"zoox-recall-332-oncoming-lane-maneuvers-2025-12","kind":"recall","headline":"Zoox recalls 332 robotaxis after software caused vehicles to cross into oncoming traffic lanes near intersections","summary":"Zoox filed a recall with NHTSA covering 332 robotaxis after documenting 62 separate instances, between August and December 2025, of a software defect causing vehicles to cross into oncoming traffic lanes near intersections. Zoox said the maneuvers, while common for human drivers, did not meet its safety standards. No crashes or injuries were reported in connection with this specific defect.","occurredAt":"2025-12-24T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":null,"deploymentId":null,"companyId":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","dataCenterId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"severity":"moderate","rootCauseCategory":null,"rootCauseDetail":null,"affectedUnitsCount":null,"affectedUnitsBasis":null,"remediationStatus":null,"regulatoryAction":"none","regulatoryBody":"NHTSA","propertyDamageEstimateUsd":null,"damageEstimateBasis":null,"bodilyInjurySeverity":null,"fatalityCount":null,"lossCostClass":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"oshaRecordable":null,"oshaCaseNumber":null,"rootCauseDisclosed":null,"publicDisclosureDate":null,"insuranceClaimPublic":null,"formFactor":null,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"autonomyClass":null,"legalOutcomeClass":"unknown","createdAt":"2026-09-12T01:48:57.791Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-29T19:14:48.571Z","model":null,"deployment":null,"company":{"id":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","name":"Zoox","slug":"zoox","description":"Autonomous-vehicle company founded ~2014 by [Jesse Levinson](/people/jesse-levinson) and [Tim Kentley-Klay](/people/tim-kentley-klay), acquired by [Amazon](/companies/amazon) in 2020 for over $1 billion. [Zoox](/companies/zoox) develops a purpose-built, bidirectional [robotaxi](/models/zoox) with no steering wheel or pedals, plus a retrofitted [Toyota](/companies/toyota) Highlander test fleet. On August 10, 2026, Zoox launched its first-ever paid commercial ride-hailing service in [Las Vegas](/locations/las-vegas-nevada-usa), following NHTSA's July 30 temporary exemption allowing up to 2,500 vehicles annually for two years. Free demonstration rides continue in [San Francisco](/locations/san-francisco-california-usa) (SoMa). Zoox also tests with human safety operators in Austin, [Miami](/locations/miami-florida-usa), Seattle, and [Los Angeles](/locations/los-angeles-california-usa) using retrofitted Highlanders. The company has faced significant regulatory scrutiny including three NHTSA software recalls in 2025 and ongoing probes. [Amazon](/companies/amazon) has positioned Zoox as its entry into autonomous ride-hailing, though it trails [Waymo](/companies/waymo) in commercial deployment scale.","status":"subsidiary","founded":2014,"hq":"Foster City, California, USA","hqLat":37.5600336,"hqLng":-122.2688522,"hqGeocodedAt":"2026-08-05T14:56:33.423Z","hqAddress":null,"hqPrecision":null,"website":"zoox.com","fundingTotal":"1800000000","type":"both","roles":["robot_maker","robot_operator"],"reviewStatus":"reviewed","heatIndex":85,"lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/06/amazon-owned-zoox-issues-recall-following-robotaxi-crash/","label":"Zoox — Amazon-owned, purpose-built robotaxi + Highlander test fleet, SF/Vegas/Austin/Miami/Seattle, recalls","title":"Zoox — Amazon-owned, purpose-built robotaxi + Highlander test fleet, SF/Vegas/Austin/Miami/Seattle, recalls","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2025-05-06"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/30/zoox-custom-robotaxis-are-finally-coming-to-san-francisco-and-las-vegas","label":"Zoox custom robotaxis to SF (SoMa) and Las Vegas (Strip); founded ~2014; Amazon 2020","title":"Zoox custom robotaxis to SF (SoMa) and Las Vegas (Strip); founded ~2014; Amazon 2020","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2024-10-30"},{"url":"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/amazon-robotaxis-software-recall","label":"Zoox runs free public robotaxi rides in SF + Las Vegas; needs federal approval for paid; plans to charge 2026","title":"Zoox runs free public robotaxi rides in SF + Las Vegas; needs federal approval for paid; plans to charge 2026","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Interesting Engineering","publishedAt":"2025-12-23"},{"url":"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/were-acquiring-zoox-to-help-bring-their-vision-of-autonomous-ride-hailing-to-reality","label":"We're acquiring Zoox — Amazon announces agreement to acquire Zoox (no purchase price disclosed in the release)","title":"We're acquiring Zoox — Amazon announces agreement to acquire Zoox (no purchase price disclosed in the release)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Amazon (aboutamazon.com)","publishedAt":"2020-06-26"},{"url":"https://zoox.com/","title":"Zoox - purpose-built autonomous robotaxi (official)","sourceName":"Zoox (official)"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/amazons-zoox-jumps-into-us-robotaxi-race-with-las-vegas-launch-.html","title":"Amazon's Zoox launches public driverless robotaxi in Las Vegas (Sept 2025)","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/03/24/zoox-expands-current-service-area-and-is-bringing-its-purpose-built-robotaxi-to-two-new-cities/","title":"Zoox expands service area and to two new cities (Mar 2026)","sourceName":"Electrek"},{"url":"https://www.amazon.science/latest-news/how-the-zoox-robotaxi-predicts-everything-everywhere-all-at-once","title":"Amazon Science - how the Zoox driving stack (perception/prediction/planning) works","sourceName":"Amazon Science"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-24/amazon-s-zoox-plans-to-expand-robotaxi-rides-to-austin-miami","title":"Amazon's Zoox plans to expand robotaxi rides to Austin and Miami (Mar 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"},{"url":"https://fortune.com/2025/12/08/amazon-robotaxi-service-zoox-plans-fees-vegas-san-francisco/","title":"Amazon's Zoox to start charging for rides in 2026 (Dec 2025)","sourceName":"Fortune"},{"url":"https://zoox.com/common/files/global-202603-zoox-press-kit-backgrounder.pdf","date":"2026-03","title":"Zoox press kit backgrounder (Mar 2026)","sourceName":"Zoox"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/17/amazon-owned-zooxs-100-robotaxi-limit-in-nevada-is-about-to-disappear/","date":"2026-09-17","title":"Amazon-owned Zoox's 100-robotaxi limit in Nevada is about to disappear","sourceName":"TechCrunch"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Founders (primary Zoox press kit)","value":"Zoox's March 2026 press-kit backgrounder states the company was founded in 2014 by Jesse Levinson and Tim Kentley-Klay ([Zoox press kit](https://zoox.com/common/files/global-202603-zoox-press-kit-backgrounder.pdf))","sourceUrl":"https://zoox.com/common/files/global-202603-zoox-press-kit-backgrounder.pdf"},{"label":"Leadership / HQ (primary Zoox press kit)","value":"The same Zoox press kit lists CEO Aicha Evans and Co-Founder and CTO Jesse Levinson, with headquarters at 1149 Chess Drive, Foster City, CA, and states Zoox is an independent subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. ([Zoox press kit](https://zoox.com/common/files/global-202603-zoox-press-kit-backgrounder.pdf))","sourceUrl":"https://zoox.com/common/files/global-202603-zoox-press-kit-backgrounder.pdf"},{"label":"Amazon subsidiary timeline (primary Zoox press kit)","value":"Zoox's press-kit timeline says that in 2020 Zoox joined Amazon as an independently operated subsidiary and unveiled its purpose-built robotaxi with no steering wheel or driver's seat ([Zoox press kit](https://zoox.com/common/files/global-202603-zoox-press-kit-backgrounder.pdf))","sourceUrl":"https://zoox.com/common/files/global-202603-zoox-press-kit-backgrounder.pdf"},{"label":"Nevada 100-vehicle cap expiry (reported TechCrunch)","value":"TechCrunch reports (Sep 17 2026) that Zoox's Nevada Transportation Authority permit imposing a 100-vehicle cap is set to expire Sep 25 2026, and that Las Vegas remains the only city where Zoox is charging for rides while California commercial charging still awaits another permit. Frame fleet size and permit timing as press-reported ([TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/17/amazon-owned-zooxs-100-robotaxi-limit-in-nevada-is-about-to-disappear/))","sourceUrl":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/09/17/amazon-owned-zooxs-100-robotaxi-limit-in-nevada-is-about-to-disappear/"}],"aliases":["Zoox Inc","Amazon Zoox","Zoox robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"tickerSymbol":null,"stockExchange":null,"secCik":null,"revenueUsd":null,"revenueBasis":null,"revenueAsOf":null,"employeeCount":2200,"employeeCountBasis":null,"employeeCountAsOf":null,"marketCapUsd":null,"marketCapAsOf":null,"marketCapSource":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:08.712Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-29T18:03:38.556Z"},"derived":{"status":"active"},"sources":[{"id":"a65a2019-6e6a-4165-acb7-c82ffbf16b28","incidentId":"433577c2-2a8f-4061-bd42-2b73c18dc668","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/12/23/zoox-issues-software-recall-over-lane-crossings/","label":null,"publishedAt":"2025-12-23T00:00:00.000Z","notes":null,"title":"Zoox issues software recall over lane crossings","sourceName":"TechCrunch","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-29T19:14:48.186Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-29T19:14:48.186Z"},{"id":"17d7fe4a-8fca-48aa-a3ed-50af513c4da4","incidentId":"433577c2-2a8f-4061-bd42-2b73c18dc668","url":"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/amazons-zoox-recall-332-us-vehicles-over-software-error-nhtsa-says-2025-12-23/","label":null,"publishedAt":"2025-12-23T00:00:00.000Z","notes":null,"title":"Amazon's Zoox to recall 332 US vehicles over software error","sourceName":"Reuters","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-29T19:14:49.486Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-29T19:14:49.486Z"},{"id":"3153ca4d-98f0-43e0-96f2-7bf74bd1e8c0","incidentId":"433577c2-2a8f-4061-bd42-2b73c18dc668","url":"https://www.eweek.com/news/zoox-robotaxi-recall/","label":"eWEEK","publishedAt":"2025-12-24T00:00:00.000Z","notes":null,"title":null,"sourceName":"eWEEK","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-12T01:48:57.791Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-12T01:48:57.791Z"}],"responses":[],"statusEvents":[{"id":"48ad338d-e6b8-4c79-a763-86b2e8b1c44d","incidentId":"433577c2-2a8f-4061-bd42-2b73c18dc668","status":"active","reason":null,"source":"agent:recon","effectiveAt":"2026-09-12T01:48:58.982Z","createdAt":"2026-09-12T01:48:58.982Z"}],"jsonLd":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/zoox-recall-332-oncoming-lane-maneuvers-2025-12","url":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/zoox-recall-332-oncoming-lane-maneuvers-2025-12","headline":"Zoox recalls 332 robotaxis after software caused vehicles to cross into oncoming traffic lanes near intersections","description":"Zoox filed a recall with NHTSA covering 332 robotaxis after documenting 62 separate instances, between August and December 2025, of a software defect causing vehicles to cross into oncoming traffic lanes near intersections. Zoox said the maneuvers, while common for human drivers, did not meet its safety standards. No crashes or injuries were reported in connection with this specific defect.","identifier":"433577c2-2a8f-4061-bd42-2b73c18dc668","datePublished":"2025-12-24T00:00:00.000Z","articleSection":"recall","publisher":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"},"author":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"}},"framework_metadata":{"framework_schema_version":"0.1.0","verification_status":"verified","maturity_stage":null,"lifecycle_state":null,"architectural_position":{"cohort":null,"sub_cohorts":[]},"within_cohort_verified_vs_claimed_pair":null,"cap_flags":[],"verification_depth":{"sources_count":3,"primary_source_types":["secondary-established-publication","secondary-industry-publication"]}}}