{"id":"460239e4-0003-4589-a156-b516e5e0ad6d","slug":"unitree-go2-security-vulnerability-2024","kind":"malfunction","headline":"Unitree Go2 robot dog found to have exploitable security vulnerabilities allowing remote hijacking","summary":"Security researchers at DarkNavy discovered that the Unitree Go2 robot dog could be 'jailbroken' and remotely controlled through vulnerabilities in its WebRTC connection and ROS2 architecture. The vulnerabilities allowed unauthorized access to the robot's camera, motors, and control systems, raising safety concerns for deployed units.","occurredAt":"2024-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"593d5c74-9070-4dbc-bf70-e1c7fd608901","deploymentId":"8a6daa95-fdf6-4466-a399-77e6b4d1bed0","companyId":"e0eddc78-26bb-43ae-bfc5-422a414ebd99","dataCenterId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"severity":"moderate","rootCauseCategory":null,"rootCauseDetail":null,"affectedUnitsCount":null,"affectedUnitsBasis":null,"remediationStatus":null,"regulatoryAction":"none","regulatoryBody":null,"propertyDamageEstimateUsd":null,"damageEstimateBasis":null,"bodilyInjurySeverity":null,"fatalityCount":null,"lossCostClass":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"oshaRecordable":null,"oshaCaseNumber":null,"rootCauseDisclosed":null,"publicDisclosureDate":null,"insuranceClaimPublic":null,"formFactor":null,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"autonomyClass":null,"legalOutcomeClass":"unknown","createdAt":"2026-08-09T23:39:37.814Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-23T15:14:15.796Z","model":{"id":"593d5c74-9070-4dbc-bf70-e1c7fd608901","companyId":"e0eddc78-26bb-43ae-bfc5-422a414ebd99","modelName":"Unitree Go2","slug":"unitree-go2","description":"Consumer/developer quadruped. The Pro/LiDAR variant carries 4D LiDAR for point-cloud mapping and autonomous path-following; reinforcement-learning locomotion. Commercial (Pro ~$2,800). Autonomous-nav capable; not marketed as a standalone autonomous inspection system.","formFactor":"quadruped","industryVertical":null,"environment":null,"maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"dof":12,"use":"consumer / developer","autonomy":"4D LiDAR mapping + autonomous path-following (Pro); RL locomotion","height_cm":40,"runtime_h":"2","weight_kg":15,"payload_kg":"7","availability":"commercial (~$2,800 Pro)","battery_capacity_mah":8000},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.unitree.com/go2","title":"Unitree Go2","sourceName":"Unitree (primary)"},{"url":"https://www.unitree.com/","title":"Unitree (official)","sourceName":"Unitree (primary)"}],"aliases":["Go2","Unitree Go2 Pro"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Price","value":"From $1,600 (Air), $2,800 (Pro), $14,500+ (EDU)"},{"label":"Sensors","value":"4D ultra-wide-angle LiDAR"},{"label":"Type","value":"Quadruped robot dog"},{"label":"Use case","value":"Research, education, recreation"},"Price=$1,600 (base), up to $3,500+ (Edu/Pro variants)","Teardown insights (Simplexity Product Development):","Motors=12 identical BLDC motors with integrated planetary gear reduction, magnetic encoders, onboard FOC control PCBs","Motor strategy=Same motor at every joint — smart part reuse reduces cost","Most expensive component=LiDAR module (likely highest single-component cost)","Highest total cost=Combined 12 motors (highest aggregate BOM cost)","Chassis=High-rib-density polymer (lightweight, cost-optimized, may be under-designed for long-term impact)","Thermal management=2 axial fans + central aluminum heat sink + CPU thermally coupled","Modular legs=4 fully swappable leg assemblies with standardized mechanical/electrical interfaces","Assembly=60+ fasteners, glued/taped connections; vibration-resistant cable management","Electronics=ARM SoC, Wi-Fi/GNSS antennas, unused connector pads for future upgrades","iFixit teardown=Impressively affordable at $1,600; repairability concerns with adhesive-heavy assembly"],"createdAt":"2026-06-06T01:41:41.869Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-16T03:00:42.823Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":"2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z","unitsSource":[{"url":"https://www.unitree.com/go2","label":"Price from $1,600"},{"url":"https://www.awesomerobots.xyz/blog/quadruped-robot-buyers-guide-2026","label":"Unitree Go2 ($1,600)"}],"salesModel":"direct_sale","priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null},"deployment":{"id":"8a6daa95-fdf6-4466-a399-77e6b4d1bed0","modelId":"593d5c74-9070-4dbc-bf70-e1c7fd608901","versionId":null,"locationId":"6753d6b9-d63f-41f8-b672-4d80bdb4dd82","operatorId":"e0eddc78-26bb-43ae-bfc5-422a414ebd99","ownerId":null,"slug":"unitree-go2-research-global","status":"operational","firstSeen":"2024-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":["inspection"],"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":8,"siteType":"field","operatorConfirmed":false,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":"city_centroid","deploymentScale":"medium_11_100","siteEnvironment":"mixed","operatorType":"maker_operated","sourceQualityTier":2,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.unitree.com/","title":"Unitree","date_accessed":"2026-06-07"},{"url":"https://www.unitree.com/go2/","title":"Unitree Go2 Quadruped Robot | Unitree Robotics","retrievedAt":"2026-06-27T12:00:00Z"}],"notes":"Unitree Go2 quadruped deployed at robotics research labs globally. Affordable platform for SLAM and locomotion research. 1,000+ units sold.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Technology","value":"Unitree Go2 quadruped"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Robotics research labs globally"},{"label":"Use Case","value":"SLAM and locomotion research"},{"label":"Scale","value":"1,000+ units sold"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":"agriculture","scaleTier":"commercial_10_99","contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-06-07T22:54:23.936Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-21T17:11:41.983Z"},"company":{"id":"e0eddc78-26bb-43ae-bfc5-422a414ebd99","name":"Unitree Robotics","slug":"unitree-robotics","description":"Unitree Robotics is a Chinese robotics company producing quadruped and [Humanoid](/companies/humanoid-ai) robots at affordable prices. Products include G1 ($13,500 humanoid), H2 ($29,900 humanoid), Go2 quadruped, and B2 robot dog. Known for aggressive pricing making humanoid robots accessible. IPO on SSE. Deployed in research, entertainment, and industrial applications worldwide.","status":"public","founded":2016,"hq":"Hangzhou, China","hqLat":30.2489634,"hqLng":120.2052342,"hqGeocodedAt":"2026-08-05T14:53:14.054Z","hqAddress":null,"hqPrecision":null,"website":"unitree.com","fundingTotal":"2224000000","type":"hardware","roles":["robot_maker","robot_operator"],"reviewStatus":"reviewed","heatIndex":90,"lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/03/20/unitree-plans-shanghai-ipo-testing-interest-in-humanoid-robots.html","title":"Unitree plans Shanghai STAR Market IPO (Mar 20, 2026)","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://restofworld.org/2026/unitree-china-humanoid-robot-shanghai-ipo/","title":"Unitree files for about $610M Shanghai IPO (2026)","sourceName":"Rest of World"},{"url":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/3347611/inside-unitrees-landmark-ipo-what-know-about-chinas-humanoid-giant","title":"Inside Unitree's landmark IPO (2026)","sourceName":"South China Morning Post"},{"url":"https://www.therobotreport.com/unitree-ipo-shows-a-real-hardware-business-the-humanoid-case-is-still-early/","title":"Unitree IPO shows a real hardware business; humanoid case still early (2026)","sourceName":"The Robot Report"},{"url":"https://technode.com/2025/02/19/unitree-robotics-humanoid-robots-sees-orders-surge-after-spring-festival-gala-performance/","title":"Unitree orders surge after Spring Festival Gala performance (Feb 19, 2025)","sourceName":"TechNode"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/20/china-humanoid-robots-spring-festival-gala-unitree-tesla-ai-race.html","title":"China humanoids go viral at Spring Festival Gala; Unitree in the AI race (Feb 20, 2026)","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3343825/kung-fu-somersaults-and-scale-unitree-eyes-20000-robot-output-2026-after-gala","title":"Unitree eyes 20,000-robot output in 2026 after the Gala (2026)","sourceName":"South China Morning Post"},{"url":"https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202604/1358712.shtml","title":"Unitree H1 hits 10 m/s sprint record (Apr 2026)","sourceName":"Global Times"},{"url":"https://thenextweb.com/news/unitree-gd01-mecha-humanoid-robot-ipo","title":"Unitree GD01 mecha humanoid unveiled amid IPO (2026)","sourceName":"The Next Web"},{"url":"https://thestandard.com.hk/innovation/article/329103/Unitree-H1-sets-10ms-global-speed-record","title":"Unitree H1 sets 10 m/s global speed record (2026)","sourceName":"The Standard (HK)"},{"url":"https://x.com/UnitreeRobotics/status/2103025066212819390","title":"Unitree: 19 full-size humanoids with 120 dancers at WorldSkills Shanghai 2026 opening","sourceName":"X (@UnitreeRobotics)","publishedAt":"2026-09-24"},{"url":"https://finance.sina.com.cn/jjxw/2026-09-22/doc-inistmex5635981.shtml","title":"Unitree stages 19 H2 humanoids with 120 dancers at WorldSkills Shanghai opening","sourceName":"Sina Finance / Sina Tech","publishedAt":"2026-09-22"},{"url":"https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-09-23/Unitree-humanoid-robots-steal-the-show-at-48th-WorldSkills-Competition-1QG9trL5ESA/p.html","title":"Unitree humanoid robots at 48th WorldSkills Competition opening (CGTN)","sourceName":"CGTN","publishedAt":"2026-09-23"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Robots","value":"G1 (from ~$16,000, most affordable humanoid), H1, R1"},{"label":"Scale","value":"Shipped 5,500+ humanoids in 2025; targeting 10,000-20,000 in 2026"},{"label":"Strategy","value":"Ultra-low-cost; commoditizing humanoid hardware"},{"label":"Funding","value":"Series C-IV; investors incl. Tencent, Alibaba, state capital (figures not publicly confirmed)"},{"label":"IPO","value":"Preparing STAR Market listing, reported ~$7B target"},{"label":"HQ","value":"Hangzhou, China (founded 2016, CEO Wang Xingxing)"},{"label":"wikidata","value":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106369174"},{"label":"wikipedia","value":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitree_Robotics"},{"label":"Hero image candidate","value":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Unitree_G1.jpg (source: Wikimedia Commons, license: CC0 Public Domain)"},{"label":"Product — G1","value":"$13,500 humanoid robot — most affordable humanoid"},{"label":"Product — H2","value":"$29,900 humanoid with enhanced capabilities"},{"label":"Product — Go2/B2","value":"Quadruped robot dogs for research and industrial use"},{"label":"IPO result","value":"Aug 19 2026: raised $904M (6.1B yuan), shares closed up 460% at 845 yuan ($125), market cap ~$50B"},{"label":"2025 revenue","value":"$252M (252M yuan), net profit $41M"},{"label":"Global market share","value":"31% of global humanoid robot shipments (H1 2026); Chinese firms held 97% total"},{"label":"US sales exposure","value":"13% of 2025 revenue; faces US import ban on certain humanoid robots"},{"label":"DeepSeek investment","value":"~$20M in IPO"},{"label":"Founder net worth","value":"Wang Xingxing ~$12B USD (~30% stake); China's first humanoid robotics billionaire (Aug 2026)"},{"label":"Day-2 market cap","value":"~$40B (687 yuan/share, Aug 20 2026)"},{"label":"Founder history","value":"Built $3,000 XDog quadruped as Shanghai Univ grad student 2015; quit DJI after 2 months; founded Unitree Aug 2016 with $275K angel funding at age 26"},{"label":"Architecture bet","value":"Electric motors (not hydraulics) for affordable humanoids; sold as hardware platforms before software completion"},{"label":"First post-IPO product","value":"R1 Robotic Arm — bionic 7-axis dexterous arm launched Aug 20, 2026, starts at RMB 9,900 (,471)"},{"label":"Vertical Integration","value":"Designs and manufactures QDD (quasi-direct-drive) actuators entirely in-house — no external motor supplier. 60%+ margins on actuators. Bet on lower gear ratios (1:6 to 1:9) with high-torque-density rare-earth magnets."},{"label":"IPO Status","value":"Received CSRC approval July 3, 2026 for Shanghai STAR Market IPO — fastest review on record (73 days). Profitable at scale."},{"label":"Global Shipments","value":"Led global humanoid robot shipments in 2025 with 5,500+ units. AgiBot was close behind at ~5,168."},{"label":"WorldSkills Shanghai swarm performance (Sep 2026)","value":"Company-claimed (Unitree X, Sep 24 2026 covering Sep 22 event): at the WorldSkills Shanghai 2026 opening ceremony, 19 Unitree full-size humanoids performed alongside 120 dancers in what Unitree called the world's largest-scale full-size humanoid real-time livestream performance. Sina Tech (Sep 22) identifies the robots as Unitree H2 and reports onboard LiDAR localization (no external base stations), millisecond swarm sync, RL-generated dance motions, and autonomous position correction. Company X + Chinese tech press; not an independent third-party audit of 'largest-scale' claim"}],"aliases":["Unitree","宇树科技"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"tickerSymbol":"688699","stockExchange":"SSE","secCik":null,"revenueUsd":null,"revenueBasis":null,"revenueAsOf":null,"employeeCount":500,"employeeCountBasis":null,"employeeCountAsOf":null,"marketCapUsd":null,"marketCapAsOf":null,"marketCapSource":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:18.431Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-24T15:58:41.668Z"},"derived":{"status":"active"},"sources":[{"id":"8d857504-7eeb-41ce-a830-956b62a4e16d","incidentId":"460239e4-0003-4589-a156-b516e5e0ad6d","url":"https://spectrum.ieee.org/unitree-robot-exploit","label":null,"publishedAt":"2025-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","notes":null,"title":"Exploit Allows for Takeover of Fleets of Unitree Robots","sourceName":"IEEE Spectrum","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-29T18:40:14.528Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-29T18:40:14.528Z"}],"responses":[],"statusEvents":[],"jsonLd":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/unitree-go2-security-vulnerability-2024","url":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/unitree-go2-security-vulnerability-2024","headline":"Unitree Go2 robot dog found to have exploitable security vulnerabilities allowing remote hijacking","description":"Security researchers at DarkNavy discovered that the Unitree Go2 robot dog could be 'jailbroken' and remotely controlled through vulnerabilities in its WebRTC connection and ROS2 architecture. The vulnerabilities allowed unauthorized access to the robot's camera, motors, and control systems, raising safety concerns for deployed units.","identifier":"460239e4-0003-4589-a156-b516e5e0ad6d","datePublished":"2024-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","articleSection":"malfunction","publisher":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"},"author":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"}},"framework_metadata":{"framework_schema_version":"0.1.0","verification_status":"verified","maturity_stage":null,"lifecycle_state":null,"architectural_position":{"cohort":null,"sub_cohorts":[]},"within_cohort_verified_vs_claimed_pair":null,"cap_flags":[],"verification_depth":{"sources_count":1,"primary_source_types":["secondary-industry-publication"]}}}