{"id":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","slug":"zoox-lane-crossing-recall-2025-12","kind":"recall","headline":"Zoox recalled 332 robotaxis over unnecessary lane-crossings near intersections","summary":"In December 2025, Zoox issued a software recall covering 332 robotaxis after identifying 62 cases (between August 26 and December 5, 2025) where vehicles crossed lane markings unnecessarily near intersections; some partial, some fully into opposing lanes. The issue was first detected in late August after a robotaxi made a wide right turn and paused partially in the opposing lane in front of oncoming traffic. No collisions were associated with the issue, but Zoox told NHTSA it could increase crash risk. This was Zoox's third software recall in 2025 (after the March braking and May Las Vegas recalls), totaling nearly 900 vehicles across the three.","occurredAt":"2025-12-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewStatus":"reviewed","modelId":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","deploymentId":"e6292f16-2468-4143-a222-4dca1a64b6c5","companyId":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","dataCenterId":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"severity":"minor","rootCauseCategory":"software_defect","rootCauseDetail":"62 cases of unnecessary lane-marking crossings near intersections (some into opposing lanes); software recall of 332 robotaxis.","affectedUnitsCount":332,"affectedUnitsBasis":"exact","remediationStatus":"remediated","regulatoryAction":"recall_ordered","regulatoryBody":"NHTSA","propertyDamageEstimateUsd":null,"damageEstimateBasis":null,"bodilyInjurySeverity":null,"fatalityCount":null,"lossCostClass":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"oshaRecordable":null,"oshaCaseNumber":null,"rootCauseDisclosed":null,"publicDisclosureDate":null,"insuranceClaimPublic":null,"formFactor":"av","latitude":{"s":1,"e":1,"d":[36,1699000]},"longitude":{"s":-1,"e":2,"d":[115,1398000]},"autonomyClass":null,"legalOutcomeClass":"unknown","createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:11.382Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-21T23:41:30.734Z","model":{"id":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","companyId":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","modelName":"Zoox Robotaxi","slug":"zoox-robotaxi","description":"Zoox's purpose-built bidirectional autonomous robotaxi, designed from scratch without a steering wheel or pedals and featuring carriage-style seating for four passengers (two facing forward, two backward). [Amazon](/companies/amazon) acquired [Zoox](/companies/zoox) in June 2020 for approximately $1.3 billion. The vehicle is battery-electric with a 133 kWh pack and a manufacturer-claimed top speed of 120 km/h. On August 10, 2026, Zoox launched its first-ever paid commercial ride-hailing service in [Las Vegas](/locations/las-vegas-nevada-usa) under NHTSA's temporary exemption allowing up to 2,500 vehicles annually for two years. Free demonstration rides continue in [San Francisco](/locations/san-francisco-california-usa). Zoox has issued three NHTSA software recalls in 2025 for unexpected braking, a Las Vegas collision, and unnecessary lane-crossings.","formFactor":"av","industryVertical":"passenger_transport","environment":"road","maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"power":"battery-electric","range":"16 h continuous","design":"purpose-built, bidirectional (symmetrical front-rear)","pedals":"none","battery":"133 kWh","seating":"4 passengers, carriage-style (2 forward-facing, 2 backward-facing)","max_speed":"75 mph","battery_kwh":133,"recall_date":"May 2025 (touchscreen freeze, traction control loss)","max_speed_kmh":120,"parent_company":"Amazon (acquired June 2020 for ~$1.3B)","steering_wheel":"none","public_demo_cities":"San Francisco CA, Las Vegas NV"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/06/amazon-owned-zoox-issues-recall-following-robotaxi-crash/","label":"Amazon-owned Zoox issues recall following robotaxi crash","title":"Amazon-owned Zoox issues recall following robotaxi crash","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2025-05-06"},{"url":"https://zoox.com/","title":"Zoox (official) - purpose-built autonomous robotaxi (Amazon subsidiary)","sourceName":"Zoox (official)"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/amazons-zoox-jumps-into-us-robotaxi-race-with-las-vegas-launch-.html","title":"Amazon's Zoox launches public driverless robotaxi service in Las Vegas (Sept 10, 2025)","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/amazons-zoox-robotaxi-san-francisco-public-rides.html","label":"Amazon's Zoox robotaxi launches public rides in San Francisco","title":"Amazon's Zoox robotaxi launches public rides in San Francisco","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CNBC","publishedAt":"2025-09-10"},{"url":"https://zoox.com/vehicle/","label":"Zoox Vehicle Overview","title":"Zoox Vehicle Overview","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Zoox (official)","publishedAt":"2020-12-14"},{"url":"https://zoox.com/common/files/202507-zoox-vehicle-brochure-pdf.pdf","title":"Introducing Zoox","sourceName":"Zoox (official)"}],"aliases":["Zoox purpose-built robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Form factor","value":"av"},{"label":"Configuration","value":"purpose-built, bidirectional, no steering wheel or pedals"},{"label":"Maturity","value":"pilot"},{"label":"Test fleet","value":"retrofitted Toyota Highlander with safety operators"}],"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:09.786Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-10T22:11:11.412Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":100,"unitsInFieldVerified":229,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":"2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z","unitsSource":[{"url":"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2026-03-24/zoox-robotaxis-to-roam-in-more-san-francisco-areas-new-cities","label":"Zoox has a fleet of around 100, a company spokesperson said"},{"url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-california-robotaxi-registered-vehicles-drivers-2025-12","label":"The agency said Zoox has 229 registered vehicles"},{"url":"https://www.instagram.com/p/DZBbunKAnFX/","label":"Zoox, owned by Amazon, has 35 authorized robotaxis"}],"salesModel":"not_sold","priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":"autonomous","autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null},"deployment":{"id":"e6292f16-2468-4143-a222-4dca1a64b6c5","modelId":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","versionId":null,"locationId":"8937eb26-1342-4bfa-a38c-1dc3f8c8dbba","operatorId":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","ownerId":null,"slug":"zoox-robotaxi-miami-florida-usa","status":"pilot","firstSeen":"2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":["delivery"],"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":16,"siteType":"airport","operatorConfirmed":false,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":"verified_coordinates","deploymentScale":"small_2_10","siteEnvironment":"outdoor","operatorType":"maker_operated","sourceQualityTier":2,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://refreshmiami.com/news/zoox-to-begin-testing-robotaxi-service-in-miami-and-austin/","title":"Zoox to begin testing robotaxi service in Miami and Austin","sourceName":"Refresh Miami","publishedAt":"2026-03-24"}],"notes":"Zoox Robotaxi (Zoox) operating in Miami. Status: pilot.","keyFacts":[{"label":"City","value":"Miami, FL"},{"label":"Status","value":"Public rides planned before end of 2026"},{"label":"Source","value":"Quartz (July 2026)"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":"logistics","scaleTier":"pilot_lt10","contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-22T20:43:23.751Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-21T17:09:53.357Z"},"company":{"id":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","name":"Zoox","slug":"zoox","description":"Autonomous-vehicle company founded ~2014 by [Jesse Levinson](/people/jesse-levinson) and [Tim Kentley-Klay](/people/tim-kentley-klay), acquired by [Amazon](/companies/amazon) in 2020 for over $1 billion. [Zoox](/companies/zoox) develops a purpose-built, bidirectional [robotaxi](/models/zoox) with no steering wheel or pedals, plus a retrofitted [Toyota](/companies/toyota) Highlander test fleet. On August 10, 2026, Zoox launched its first-ever paid commercial ride-hailing service in [Las Vegas](/locations/las-vegas-nevada-usa), following NHTSA's July 30 temporary exemption allowing up to 2,500 vehicles annually for two years. Free demonstration rides continue in [San Francisco](/locations/san-francisco-california-usa) (SoMa). Zoox also tests with human safety operators in Austin, [Miami](/locations/miami-florida-usa), Seattle, and [Los Angeles](/locations/los-angeles-california-usa) using retrofitted Highlanders. The company has faced significant regulatory scrutiny including three NHTSA software recalls in 2025 and ongoing probes. [Amazon](/companies/amazon) has positioned Zoox as its entry into autonomous ride-hailing, though it trails [Waymo](/companies/waymo) in commercial deployment scale.","status":"Amazon subsidiary","founded":2014,"hq":"Foster City, California, USA","hqLat":37.5600336,"hqLng":-122.2688522,"hqGeocodedAt":"2026-08-05T14:56:33.423Z","hqAddress":null,"hqPrecision":null,"website":"zoox.com","fundingTotal":"1800000000","type":"both","roles":["robot_maker","robot_operator"],"reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/06/amazon-owned-zoox-issues-recall-following-robotaxi-crash/","label":"Zoox — Amazon-owned, purpose-built robotaxi + Highlander test fleet, SF/Vegas/Austin/Miami/Seattle, recalls","title":"Zoox — Amazon-owned, purpose-built robotaxi + Highlander test fleet, SF/Vegas/Austin/Miami/Seattle, recalls","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2025-05-06"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/30/zoox-custom-robotaxis-are-finally-coming-to-san-francisco-and-las-vegas","label":"Zoox custom robotaxis to SF (SoMa) and Las Vegas (Strip); founded ~2014; Amazon 2020","title":"Zoox custom robotaxis to SF (SoMa) and Las Vegas (Strip); founded ~2014; Amazon 2020","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2024-10-30"},{"url":"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/amazon-robotaxis-software-recall","label":"Zoox runs free public robotaxi rides in SF + Las Vegas; needs federal approval for paid; plans to charge 2026","title":"Zoox runs free public robotaxi rides in SF + Las Vegas; needs federal approval for paid; plans to charge 2026","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Interesting Engineering","publishedAt":"2025-12-23"},{"url":"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/were-acquiring-zoox-to-help-bring-their-vision-of-autonomous-ride-hailing-to-reality","label":"We're acquiring Zoox — Amazon announces agreement to acquire Zoox (no purchase price disclosed in the release)","title":"We're acquiring Zoox — Amazon announces agreement to acquire Zoox (no purchase price disclosed in the release)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Amazon (aboutamazon.com)","publishedAt":"2020-06-26"},{"url":"https://zoox.com/","title":"Zoox - purpose-built autonomous robotaxi (official)","sourceName":"Zoox (official)"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/amazons-zoox-jumps-into-us-robotaxi-race-with-las-vegas-launch-.html","title":"Amazon's Zoox launches public driverless robotaxi in Las Vegas (Sept 2025)","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/03/24/zoox-expands-current-service-area-and-is-bringing-its-purpose-built-robotaxi-to-two-new-cities/","title":"Zoox expands service area and to two new cities (Mar 2026)","sourceName":"Electrek"},{"url":"https://www.amazon.science/latest-news/how-the-zoox-robotaxi-predicts-everything-everywhere-all-at-once","title":"Amazon Science - how the Zoox driving stack (perception/prediction/planning) works","sourceName":"Amazon Science"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-24/amazon-s-zoox-plans-to-expand-robotaxi-rides-to-austin-miami","title":"Amazon's Zoox plans to expand robotaxi rides to Austin and Miami (Mar 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"},{"url":"https://fortune.com/2025/12/08/amazon-robotaxi-service-zoox-plans-fees-vegas-san-francisco/","title":"Amazon's Zoox to start charging for rides in 2026 (Dec 2025)","sourceName":"Fortune"}],"keyFacts":{"CEO":"Aicha Evans","Employees":"~2,200 (2023)","Fleet size":"~50 robotaxis in service (as of Jan 2026, per SF Standard)","Total riders":"~1 million (across all cities, as of Aug 2026)","Manufacturing":"Hayward, CA — 220,000 sq ft facility, 10,000 vehicles/year planned by 2027","NHTSA exemption":"Aug 6, 2025 — first-ever demonstration exemption for American-built automated vehicles; allows up to 2,500 vehicles annually for 2 years","Testing markets":"Las Vegas (commercial), San Francisco (free service), Austin, Miami, Atlanta, Seattle, Washington D.C., Phoenix, Dallas, Los Angeles","NHTSA accidents logged":"123 (as of March 2026)"},"aliases":["Zoox Inc","Amazon Zoox","Zoox robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"tickerSymbol":null,"stockExchange":null,"secCik":null,"revenueUsd":null,"revenueBasis":null,"revenueAsOf":null,"employeeCount":2200,"employeeCountBasis":null,"employeeCountAsOf":null,"marketCapUsd":null,"marketCapAsOf":null,"marketCapSource":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:08.712Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-21T22:25:46.030Z"},"derived":{"status":"active"},"sources":[{"id":"e1300dde-e646-4a2f-8453-bccaa103b275","incidentId":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/amazon-robotaxis-software-recall","label":"332-vehicle recall, 62 lane-crossing cases Aug-Dec 2025, third recall of the year","publishedAt":"2025-12-23T00:00:00.000Z","notes":null,"title":"332-vehicle recall, 62 lane-crossing cases Aug-Dec 2025, third recall of the year","sourceName":"Interesting Engineering","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:11.541Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:11.541Z"},{"id":"0b6cd0ae-0588-410a-bd9a-709540a2f78e","incidentId":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/12/23/zoox-issues-software-recall-over-lane-crossings/","label":"Zoox lane-crossing recall; no collisions but increased crash risk","publishedAt":"2025-12-23T00:00:00.000Z","notes":null,"title":"Zoox lane-crossing recall; no collisions but increased crash risk","sourceName":"TechCrunch","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:11.691Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:11.691Z"},{"id":"050d3300-28f2-4c06-9786-4646a0a1cf78","incidentId":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","url":"https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/amazons-zoox-recalls-332-vehicles-over-ads-software-error","label":null,"publishedAt":"2025-12-23T12:00:00.000Z","notes":null,"title":"Amazon's Zoox recalls 332 vehicles over ADS software error","sourceName":"CNBC (via Nasdaq)","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-31T22:18:24.243Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-31T22:18:24.243Z"},{"id":"3d77c468-a613-47ef-9c99-453f860a0558","incidentId":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","url":"https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2025/RCLRPT-25E090-1680.pdf","label":null,"publishedAt":null,"notes":null,"title":"NHTSA Part 573 Safety Recall Report 25E090 (332 vehicles; unnecessary lane-crossings near intersections; 62 cases Aug 26-Dec 5 2025)","sourceName":"NHTSA (Part 573 filing)","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-31T22:18:24.085Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-31T22:18:24.085Z"},{"id":"d70e5d30-ecc7-4e03-b875-586e1ce32559","incidentId":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","url":"https://www.eweek.com/news/zoox-robotaxi-recall/","label":null,"publishedAt":null,"notes":null,"title":"Amazon's Zoox recalls 332 US vehicles due to software glitch (third 2025 recall)","sourceName":"eWEEK","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-31T22:18:24.318Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-31T22:18:24.318Z"}],"responses":[],"statusEvents":[],"jsonLd":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/zoox-lane-crossing-recall-2025-12","url":"https://registry.deploy.report/incidents/zoox-lane-crossing-recall-2025-12","headline":"Zoox recalled 332 robotaxis over unnecessary lane-crossings near intersections","description":"In December 2025, Zoox issued a software recall covering 332 robotaxis after identifying 62 cases (between August 26 and December 5, 2025) where vehicles crossed lane markings unnecessarily near intersections; some partial, some fully into opposing lanes. The issue was first detected in late August after a robotaxi made a wide right turn and paused partially in the opposing lane in front of oncoming traffic. No collisions were associated with the issue, but Zoox told NHTSA it could increase crash risk. This was Zoox's third software recall in 2025 (after the March braking and May Las Vegas recalls), totaling nearly 900 vehicles across the three.","identifier":"dbb3aae9-5cb2-4bbc-83da-f4eec91730b8","datePublished":"2025-12-23T00:00:00.000Z","articleSection":"recall","publisher":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"},"author":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"}},"framework_metadata":{"framework_schema_version":"0.1.0","verification_status":"verified","maturity_stage":null,"lifecycle_state":null,"architectural_position":{"cohort":null,"sub_cohorts":[]},"within_cohort_verified_vs_claimed_pair":null,"cap_flags":[],"verification_depth":{"sources_count":5,"primary_source_types":["primary-regulatory-filing","secondary-industry-publication"]}}}