{"models":[{"id":"ea6e1e0c-2941-46e1-858d-3e95ec7482d7","companyId":"4143e494-260e-49c8-8d04-3e85d9c7218a","modelName":"Avride Robotaxi (Hyundai Ioniq 5)","slug":"avride-robotaxi","description":"Avride's robotaxi — a fully-electric Hyundai Ioniq 5 equipped with Avride's automated driving system (ADS). Provides public passenger rides integrated into the Uber ride-hailing platform in Dallas and Austin, Texas, with an in-vehicle safety operator present. Most reported crashes occurred at speeds below 20 mph. Avride separately operates a fleet of sidewalk delivery robots (a distinct, smaller cooler-sized form factor) for Uber Eats and Grubhub.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"platform":"integrated into Uber ride-hailing app","supervision":"in-vehicle safety operator present","base_vehicle":"Hyundai Ioniq 5 (fully electric)"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://stocktwits.com/news-articles/markets/equity/uber-partner-avride-faces-nhtsa-probe-after-16-robotaxis-crashes-in-texas/cZX2wLERegn","label":"Avride ADS-equipped Hyundai Ioniq 5 robotaxis, public passenger rides on Uber in Dallas","title":"Avride ADS-equipped Hyundai Ioniq 5 robotaxis, public passenger rides on Uber in Dallas","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Stocktwits","publishedAt":"2026-05-08"},{"url":"https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/robotaxi-operator-under-investigation-for-crashes-in-dallas/4023503/","label":"Ioniq 5, safety operators, most crashes below 20 mph","title":"Ioniq 5, safety operators, most crashes below 20 mph","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"NBC DFW","publishedAt":"2026-05-12"}],"aliases":["Avride Ioniq 5","Avride ADS"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:07.952Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T19:11:19.710Z"},{"id":"e94a4a69-6197-45c9-bf9a-1cb637f307bd","companyId":"6ab92a95-6f4e-4493-a771-ae645c7969c6","modelName":"Zoox Robotaxi","slug":"zoox-robotaxi","description":"Zoox's purpose-built, bidirectional autonomous robotaxi — built from the ground up with no steering wheel or pedals, designed for carriage-style seating. Operates Zoox's free public demonstration rides in San Francisco (SoMa) and Las Vegas (the Strip). Zoox separately runs a fleet of retrofitted Toyota Highlanders (with human safety operators) for testing in additional cities. Maturity: pilot — running free public demo rides, not yet approved/launched as paid commercial service.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"test_fleet":"retrofitted Toyota Highlander (with safety operators)","configuration":"purpose-built, bidirectional, no steering wheel or pedals"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/06/amazon-owned-zoox-issues-recall-following-robotaxi-crash/","label":"Purpose-built robotaxi (no wheel/pedals) + Highlander test fleet","title":"Purpose-built robotaxi (no wheel/pedals) + Highlander test fleet","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2025-05-06"}],"aliases":["Zoox purpose-built robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:09.786Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T18:25:45.239Z"},{"id":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","companyId":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","modelName":"Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS)","slug":"tesla-robotaxi","description":"Tesla's robotaxi service vehicle — a 2026 Model Y operating with Tesla's Autonomous Driving System (ADS, based on Full Self-Driving) engaged. In Austin, some vehicles operate unsupervised (no in-car safety monitor); in the Bay Area, a safety driver is present as required by California law. A teleoperator can remotely assist/pilot a vehicle at speeds under 10 mph for repositioning. Tesla's purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Cybercab — intended as the dedicated robotaxi vehicle at scale — was expected to begin production around April 2026 (not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026). Maturity: pilot (early commercial service under heavy supervision and scrutiny; not yet at-scale).","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://robotaxi-safety-tracker.com/expansion.html","label":"2026 Model Y w/ ADS; unsupervised Austin vs supervised Bay Area; teleoperator <10mph; Cybercab production ~Apr 2026","title":"2026 Model Y w/ ADS; unsupervised Austin vs supervised Bay Area; teleoperator <10mph; Cybercab production ~Apr 2026","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robotaxi Safety Tracker","publishedAt":"2026-02-04"}],"aliases":["Tesla Robotaxi","Tesla Model Y robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:16.405Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:31.412Z"},{"id":"046971a1-9bd0-4d00-bc43-b4955a5aae45","companyId":"058f65c8-aa14-4820-b334-3714d74be66a","modelName":"Robotaxi GXR","slug":"weride-gxr","description":"WeRide's mass-produced purpose-built robotaxi, launched October 2024 on Geely Farizon's SuperVAN platform. Began fully-driverless commercial operations in Beijing (early 2025), then Guangzhou (August 2025), and operates fully-driverless commercial services in Guangzhou, Beijing, and Abu Dhabi, with public passenger services in Dubai and Riyadh. WeRide and Geely Farizon have committed to delivering 2,000 GXRs to support large-scale global commercialization.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-and-geely-farizon-deliver-2000-purpose-built-robotaxi","label":"GXR — SuperVAN platform, Oct 2024 launch, driverless commercial markets","title":"GXR — SuperVAN platform, Oct 2024 launch, driverless commercial markets","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"WeRide","publishedAt":"2026-03-08"}],"aliases":["WeRide GXR","GXR"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:22:20.295Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T17:22:36.534Z"},{"id":"29ce99f0-cb31-489e-a802-d0beb09138ab","companyId":"fdcac873-0717-44c1-af7b-90b2648fb567","modelName":"Apollo RT6","slug":"apollo-rt6","description":"Baidu's sixth-generation autonomous robotaxi — a purpose-built battery-electric vehicle (cross between an SUV and a minivan, with a detachable steering wheel) built on Baidu's Apollo Galaxy / Xinghe self-driving platform. Manufactured by Baidu without relying on a third-party automaker, at roughly 204,600 RMB (~$28,600) per vehicle — about half the cost of the prior generation. Powers Apollo Go's fully-driverless commercial ride-hailing service across Chinese cities and international markets.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://rollout.autoura.com/platforms/apollo","label":"Apollo RT6 — 6th-gen EV, ~$27,500 build cost, Xinghe platform, operates without safety driver in Wuhan","title":"Apollo RT6 — 6th-gen EV, ~$27,500 build cost, Xinghe platform, operates without safety driver in Wuhan","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Autoura","publishedAt":"2025-08-05"},{"url":"https://carnewschina.com/2025/11/13/baidus-apollo-go-robotaxi-leads-global-autonomous-driving-with-17m-orders-targets-profit-this-year/","label":"RT6 cost reduction to 204,600 yuan","title":"RT6 cost reduction to 204,600 yuan","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CarNewsChina","publishedAt":"2025-11-13"}],"aliases":["Apollo Go RT6","Baidu RT6"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:16:20.554Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T17:16:45.460Z"},{"id":"72d172da-6e2c-4787-b2f1-2326455c943f","companyId":"f7747f62-65be-4648-8cbc-c37edc46e5cb","modelName":"José (IntBot humanoid)","slug":"intbot-jose","description":"IntBot's socially intelligent humanoid concierge robot, named 'José' for its San José Mineta Airport deployment. Greets travelers, answers questions, and provides real-time information in 50+ languages. Runs IntBot's IntEngine multimodal system and operates on roughly a two-hour battery. Designed for public-facing service/concierge roles where the robot interacts directly with people (not behind cages).","formFactor":"service","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"role":"concierge / passenger assistance","system":"IntEngine multimodal","battery":"~2 hours","languages":"50+"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.futuretravelexperience.com/2026/03/san-jose-mineta-international-airport-launches-ai-powered-intbot-humanoid-robot/","label":"José runs IntEngine, 50+ languages, ~2-hour battery","title":"José runs IntEngine, 50+ languages, ~2-hour battery","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Future Travel Experience","publishedAt":"2026-03-31"},{"url":"https://www.flysanjose.com/news-release/intbot","label":"José humanoid robot debut at SJC","title":"José humanoid robot debut at SJC","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"San José Mineta International Airport","publishedAt":"2026-03-24"}],"aliases":["Jose","IntBot José"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T13:30:49.297Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T13:31:03.199Z"},{"id":"c60580ff-f980-4867-9bd8-c36e999cc6a0","companyId":"0541cb25-41d5-4496-bddd-097ed6726ddb","modelName":"Pony Gen-7 Robotaxi","slug":"pony-gen7-robotaxi","description":"Pony AI's seventh-generation autonomous robotaxi, launched into fully-driverless commercial service in November 2025 across Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Beijing. Built on a 100% automotive-grade autonomous-driving kit (ADK) designed for a 600,000-km product lifecycle, with bill-of-materials cost reduced ~70% versus prior generations. Produced in partnership with Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation (BAIC) and Guangzhou Automobile Group (GAC). Powers Pony AI's commercial robotaxi operations across China's four tier-one cities.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-kicks-fully-driverless-commercial-services-gen-7","label":"Gen-7 robotaxi fully-driverless commercial launch; ADK, 600k km lifecycle, BAIC/GAC partnership","title":"Gen-7 robotaxi fully-driverless commercial launch; ADK, 600k km lifecycle, BAIC/GAC partnership","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Pony AI (investor relations)","publishedAt":"2025-11-06"}],"aliases":["Pony.ai Gen-7","Gen-7 Robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T13:19:00.876Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T13:19:19.103Z"},{"id":"dfa7309e-7258-4202-8902-3b6abf10533c","companyId":"ce8ff680-3fe7-4398-b31b-f85dc3073f3a","modelName":"Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt)","slug":"cruise-av","description":"Cruise's driverless robotaxi, based on the Chevrolet Bolt EV, operating without a human safety driver in its SF commercial service. The vehicle involved in the Oct 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident was a Chevrolet Bolt-based Cruise AV. (Cruise also developed the purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Origin, which was shelved.) Driverless operations ended following the 2023 incident and GM's Dec 2024 defunding of the robotaxi business.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/nhtsa-robotaxi-cruise-pay-penalty-failing-report-san-francisco-crash-involving-pedestrian/","label":"CBS — Chevrolet Bolt autonomous EV dragged pedestrian ~20 feet at ~7 mph","title":"CBS — Chevrolet Bolt autonomous EV dragged pedestrian ~20 feet at ~7 mph","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2024-11-12"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T12:58:37.573Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-27T14:19:29.568Z"},{"id":"03ab612b-6844-44a8-b631-6067b668d872","companyId":"55236891-b40d-44ef-9b55-1b019c61da4b","modelName":"AEON","slug":"aeon","description":null,"formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0455864EN/bmw-group-to-deploy-humanoid-robots-in-production-in-germany-for-the-first-time?language=en","label":"BMW Group — AEON specs and Leipzig test deployment","title":"BMW Group — AEON specs and Leipzig test deployment","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"BMW Group","publishedAt":"2026-02-27"},{"url":"https://www.bmwblog.com/2026/02/27/bmw-humanoid-robots-leipzig-europe-pilot/","label":"BMW Blog — AEON at Leipzig, wheeled, battery assembly focus","title":"BMW Blog — AEON at Leipzig, wheeled, battery assembly focus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"BMW Blog","publishedAt":"2026-02-27"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T02:16:30.437Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-27T14:23:01.516Z"},{"id":"f5599108-6c06-4af4-a669-378b87860daf","companyId":"7107d624-dbc3-4d73-9103-1138ebf6f754","modelName":"Figure 02","slug":"figure-02","description":null,"formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.figure.ai/news/production-at-bmw","label":"Figure AI — F.02 contributed to production of 30,000 cars at BMW; F.02 retirement begins","title":"Figure AI — F.02 contributed to production of 30,000 cars at BMW; F.02 retirement begins","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Figure AI","publishedAt":"2025-11-19"},{"url":"https://www.repairerdrivennews.com/2025/11/25/humanoid-robots-complete-11-month-project-at-bmw-plant/","label":"Repairer Driven News — Figure 02 completes 11-month BMW project, retirement begins","title":"Repairer Driven News — Figure 02 completes 11-month BMW project, retirement begins","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Repairer Driven News","publishedAt":"2025-11-25"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-26T02:16:30.202Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-27T14:23:01.282Z"},{"id":"eedc7812-035a-4c25-93c3-18935ebe4b9b","companyId":"40a4b333-bb22-4fbd-8536-9c7ec4caf486","modelName":"Clone Protoclone","slug":"clone-protoclone","description":"Clone Robotics' biomimetic humanoid using artificial-muscle (Myofiber hydraulic) actuation and a synthetic skeleton, aiming for human-like musculoskeletal motion. Distinct from the electric-motor mainstream. Research/demonstration stage.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"research","specs":{"focus":"biomimetic_musculoskeletal","drive_mode":"artificial_muscle_hydraulic"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://clonerobotics.com/","label":"Clone Robotics — Protoclone","title":"Clone Robotics — Protoclone","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Clone Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://github.com/jk4e/list-ai-humanoid-robots","label":"Curated humanoid list — Protoclone","title":"Curated humanoid list — Protoclone","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"GitHub (jk4e)","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["Protoclone","Clone Alpha"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:29.541Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:10.397Z"},{"id":"fb3958dc-bc7e-4357-a064-b50eaf21b760","companyId":"7c9428ab-9a31-4fe7-ac89-77f0d56c9647","modelName":"MenteeBot","slug":"menteebot","description":"Mentee Robotics' general-purpose bipedal humanoid, emphasizing an AI-first stack (learned locomotion, NLP-driven task understanding, and simulation-to-real training). Research/prototype stage.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"focus":"ai_first_general_purpose","drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.menteebot.com/","label":"Mentee Robotics — MenteeBot","title":"Mentee Robotics — MenteeBot","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Mentee Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://github.com/jk4e/list-ai-humanoid-robots","label":"Curated humanoid list — MenteeBot","title":"Curated humanoid list — MenteeBot","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"GitHub (jk4e)","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["MenteeBot"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:29.385Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:13.076Z"},{"id":"2b903826-610b-4824-a8aa-b4ac2ed38155","companyId":"c0786bec-3c97-4fd0-abca-4cb243c58936","modelName":"PAL TALOS","slug":"pal-talos","description":"PAL Robotics' full-size torque-controlled bipedal humanoid, used in research institutions for manipulation and bipedal-locomotion work. A long-established research-grade humanoid platform (sold commercially to labs).","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"research","specs":{"control":"torque_controlled","drive_mode":"bipedal","application":"research_manipulation"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://pal-robotics.com/robots/talos/","label":"PAL Robotics — TALOS","title":"PAL Robotics — TALOS","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"PAL Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://github.com/jk4e/list-ai-humanoid-robots","label":"Curated humanoid list — TALOS","title":"Curated humanoid list — TALOS","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"GitHub (jk4e)","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["TALOS"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:29.231Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.138Z"},{"id":"b80561ba-443c-49b0-a97a-5a5178afd36e","companyId":"4e14994b-eaf7-417e-bb17-bb5581bd32bf","modelName":"LimX CL-1","slug":"limx-cl-1","description":"LimX Dynamics' bipedal humanoid, demonstrated for dynamic locomotion (stair-climbing, terrain adaptation) using RL-based control. REVIEW NOTE: independent detailed specs are limited; treat as research-stage.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"focus":"dynamic_locomotion","drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.limxdynamics.com/en","label":"LimX Dynamics — CL-1","title":"LimX Dynamics — CL-1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"LimX Dynamics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://github.com/jk4e/list-ai-humanoid-robots","label":"Curated humanoid list — LimX CL-1","title":"Curated humanoid list — LimX CL-1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"GitHub (jk4e)","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["CL-1"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:29.077Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:18.862Z"},{"id":"caa5708b-5e0a-4bf2-907c-e32c874c6d38","companyId":"d1cf68e8-cb01-455d-869b-09a9ffa7d03e","modelName":"Xiaomi CyberOne","slug":"xiaomi-cyberone","description":"Xiaomi's bipedal humanoid (unveiled 2022), ~177 cm, 21 DOF / 13 joints, running Xiaomi's Mi-Sense AI with emphasis on environmental-sound and emotion recognition. Primarily a research/showcase platform rather than a deployed product.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"dof":21,"ai_system":"Mi-Sense","height_cm":177,"drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://humanoid.guide/product/cyberone/","label":"Humanoid.guide — CyberOne specs","title":"Humanoid.guide — CyberOne specs","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid.guide","publishedAt":"2025-06-17"},{"url":"https://blog.robozaps.com/b/xiaomi-cyberone-review","label":"Robozaps — Xiaomi CyberOne review","title":"Robozaps — Xiaomi CyberOne review","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robozaps","publishedAt":"2026-03-31"}],"aliases":["CyberOne","铁大"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:28.921Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:21.723Z"},{"id":"06b14ae2-2631-460a-860e-ea3c0e76865c","companyId":"7897d0cd-c92e-497f-98d5-523e0306ff06","modelName":"Booster T1","slug":"booster-t1","description":"Booster Robotics' bipedal humanoid platform with motion-control SDK, aimed at research, education, and robot-sports (used widely in autonomous robot-soccer). A K1 platform is also offered. Developer/research-oriented rather than industrial-production.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"focus":"research_sports_education","feature":"open_sdk","drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://humanoid.guide/product/booster-t1/","label":"Humanoid.guide — Booster T1","title":"Humanoid.guide — Booster T1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid.guide","publishedAt":"2025-06-17"},{"url":"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2026/china-leads-humanoid-robotics-at-ces-2026","label":"Interesting Engineering — Booster T1","title":"Interesting Engineering — Booster T1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Interesting Engineering","publishedAt":"2026-01-07"}],"aliases":["T1","Booster T1"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:28.767Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:24.967Z"},{"id":"6edf9c4f-34c8-439b-83ac-b557e0e0e25b","companyId":"7c47948b-6e07-497b-8954-288ae920e751","modelName":"Leju Kuavo","slug":"leju-kuavo","description":"Leju's full-size humanoid (~170 cm, 40+ DOF), running KaihongOS (HarmonyOS-based). Vertically integrated 360 Nm torque servos; modular limbs. Already in commercial service deployments (retail guidance, schools); priced around $50,000. Successive versions (KUAVO 3.0, KUAVO-MY, KUAVO 5/5-W) reported.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"os":"KaihongOS (HarmonyOS-based)","dof":"40+","height_cm":170,"drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.lejurobot.com/en","label":"Leju — KUAVO","title":"Leju — KUAVO","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Leju Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://sacra.com/c/leju-robotics/","label":"Sacra — Leju KUAVO (170cm, vertical integration, commercial)","title":"Sacra — Leju KUAVO (170cm, vertical integration, commercial)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Sacra","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["Kuavo","KUAVO","KUAVO-MY"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:28.612Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:27.685Z"},{"id":"89a92b82-cd8f-4800-a32c-97ab1e51ed67","companyId":"a9e77010-905e-4730-8da8-ad12d72c80bd","modelName":"Astribot S1","slug":"astribot-s1","description":"Astribot's flagship: a dual-arm mobile manipulator (typically shown on a wheeled base), built for high-speed, high-precision dexterous manipulation — demonstrated cooking, calligraphy, and delicate handling, claimed fully autonomous (not teleoperated). Confirmed: 7-DOF per arm, 5-10 kg payload per arm, sub-millimeter (±0.1mm) repeatability. NOTE: the headline '10 m/s' figure is ARM (end-effector) speed, NOT walking/locomotion speed — Astribot has not published locomotion specs. Height varies across sources (~165-173 cm); omitted pending a primary figure.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"focus":"high_speed_manipulation","drive_mode":"wheeled_humanoid","dof_per_arm":7,"configuration":"dual_arm","repeatability_mm":0.1,"payload_per_arm_kg":10},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.astribot.com/en","label":"Astribot — S1","title":"Astribot — S1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Astribot","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://github.com/jk4e/list-ai-humanoid-robots","label":"Curated humanoid list — Astribot S1","title":"Curated humanoid list — Astribot S1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"GitHub (jk4e)","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://humanoid.press/database/database-astribot-s1/","label":"Humanoid Press — Astribot S1 (10m/s is arm speed not locomotion)","title":"Humanoid Press — Astribot S1 (10m/s is arm speed not locomotion)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid Press","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://www.robotsinternational.com/Astribot.htm","label":"Robots International — Astribot S1 specs","title":"Robots International — Astribot S1 specs","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robots International","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["S1","Astribot S1"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:28.458Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T20:27:13.467Z"},{"id":"89a17f13-844a-453f-b3ad-9767fd0e8252","companyId":"b8cb8fbc-12d5-4ed4-931e-6b9d94346a31","modelName":"Noetix N2","slug":"noetix-n2","description":"Noetix's lightweight bipedal humanoid, demonstrated for balance and durability (withstanding kicks/pushes). Positioned as a very low-cost entry humanoid for education/research/entertainment.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"focus":"lightweight_balance","drive_mode":"bipedal","application":"education_research"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.noetixrobotics.com/","label":"Noetix — N2","title":"Noetix — N2","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Noetix Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://kraneshares.com/the-humanoids-have-arrived-at-ces-2026/","label":"KraneShares — Noetix N2","title":"KraneShares — Noetix N2","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"KraneShares","publishedAt":"2026-01-28"}],"aliases":["N2","Noetix Bumi (sibling line)"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:28.302Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:33.250Z"},{"id":"3366eaef-4609-4696-a51a-ce9c5c800e14","companyId":"5e2f7c25-88b6-4f75-97a9-5874ffba0b18","modelName":"EngineAI SE01","slug":"engineai-se01","description":"EngineAI's full-size flagship bipedal humanoid: ~170 cm, ~55 kg, 32 DOF, with self-developed harmonic/planetary/ball-screw joint modules and an end-to-end neural-network gait (marketed as the first humanoid to achieve a natural human-like gait; debuted Oct 2024, appeared on CCTV's New Year gala). Available for global sales since Dec 2024 in commercial and educational versions. The compact PM01 (138 cm, 40 kg, 24 DOF) is a separate developer/research sibling, not the flagship.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"dof":32,"feature":"neural_network_natural_gait","mass_kg":55,"height_cm":170,"drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.engineai.com.cn/","label":"EngineAI — products","title":"EngineAI — products","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"EngineAI","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://github.com/jk4e/list-ai-humanoid-robots","label":"Curated humanoid list — EngineAI SE01 / PM01","title":"Curated humanoid list — EngineAI SE01 / PM01","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"GitHub (jk4e)","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://humanoidspecs.com/robots/engineai-se01","label":"Humanoid Specs — EngineAI SE01 (170cm, 55kg, 32 DOF)","title":"Humanoid Specs — EngineAI SE01 (170cm, 55kg, 32 DOF)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid Specs","publishedAt":"2026-01-15"},{"url":"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/engineai-humanoid-robot-impresses-with-quick-recovery","label":"Interesting Engineering — SE01 full-size flagship vs PM01 compact","title":"Interesting Engineering — SE01 full-size flagship vs PM01 compact","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Interesting Engineering","publishedAt":"2026-02-23"}],"aliases":["SE01"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:28.150Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T20:27:13.303Z"},{"id":"9f29104f-94b5-4d4e-b25b-488cf8a31a3b","companyId":"c7adb325-f200-4b8b-8a7f-b0ac96917fac","modelName":"RobotEra L7","slug":"robotera-l7","description":"RobotEra's flagship full-size bipedal humanoid (revealed mid-2025), ~171 cm / ~65-70 kg with 55 DOF and 12-DOF dexterous hands, dual-arm payload ~20 kg, top speed cited ~4 m/s. Direct-drive actuators enable dynamic moves alongside industrial manipulation; powered by the ERA-42 model. Pre-orders + limited pilots. Successor to RobotEra's earlier Star1.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"dof":55,"mass_kg":70,"height_cm":171,"drive_mode":"bipedal","payload_kg":20},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://humanoid.guide/product/robotera-l7/","label":"Humanoid.guide — RobotEra L7 specs","title":"Humanoid.guide — RobotEra L7 specs","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid.guide","publishedAt":"2025-07-26"},{"url":"https://www.mexc.com/news/431711","label":"PR Newswire/RobotEra — L7 at CES 2026 (171cm, 70kg, 55 DOF)","title":"PR Newswire/RobotEra — L7 at CES 2026 (171cm, 70kg, 55 DOF)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"PR Newswire","publishedAt":"2026-01-08"}],"aliases":["L7","ROBOTERA L7"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:27.995Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:39.420Z"},{"id":"c6df087a-408f-4aee-87a0-12e7aedf2b57","companyId":"4a513b82-4142-43bd-83bd-febca7eaa684","modelName":"Galbot G1","slug":"galbot-g1","description":"Galbot's flagship: a wheeled, dual-arm bionic humanoid (~173 cm) on a 360° omnidirectional base, built for dexterous manipulation in retail, pharmacy, logistics, and household tasks. Powered by embodied large models with vision-based navigation. Real-world operations include convenience-store service (FamilyMart, Beijing) and a championship in the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games medicine-sorting event. NOTE: 'G1' name collides with Unitree G1 — distinct company, disambiguated by manufacturer. DOF/payload figures are company-stated and vary across sources.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"focus":"dexterous_manipulation","height_cm":173,"drive_mode":"wheeled_humanoid","application":"retail_pharmacy_logistics","configuration":"dual_arm"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.galbot.com/en","label":"Galbot — G1","title":"Galbot — G1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Galbot","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://kraneshares.com/the-humanoids-have-arrived-at-ces-2026/","label":"KraneShares — Galbot G1 retail clerk","title":"KraneShares — Galbot G1 retail clerk","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"KraneShares","publishedAt":"2026-01-28"},{"url":"https://www.galbot.com/g1","label":"Galbot — G1","title":"Galbot — G1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Galbot","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://blog.robozaps.com/b/galbot-g1-review","label":"Robozaps — Galbot G1 (wheeled base, 173cm, retail deployments)","title":"Robozaps — Galbot G1 (wheeled base, 173cm, retail deployments)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robozaps","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["Galbot G1","G1 Premium"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:27.839Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T20:27:13.067Z"},{"id":"a4951bdc-1216-476d-86d5-3d13688bd134","companyId":"e0eddc78-26bb-43ae-bfc5-422a414ebd99","modelName":"Unitree H1","slug":"unitree-h1","description":"Unitree's full-size flagship bipedal humanoid (larger/higher-performance sibling to the compact G1), aimed at research and higher-payload work. Widely sold to research institutions; a successor H2 has also been reported. Sits above the G1 in Unitree's lineup.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"tier":"full_size_research","drive_mode":"bipedal","application":"research_industrial"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.unitree.com/h1","label":"Unitree — H1","title":"Unitree — H1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Unitree Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://www.therobotreport.com/leju-raises-200m-humanoid-production-unitree-unveils-h2-robot/","label":"The Robot Report — Unitree unveils H2","title":"The Robot Report — Unitree unveils H2","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"The Robot Report","publishedAt":"2025-10-25"}],"aliases":["H1","Unitree H1 / H2"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:27.684Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:16:45.485Z"},{"id":"74a0faa2-3a46-4aa0-aa7f-d593755868ac","companyId":"2c1f5c0e-b6f4-4b38-8764-66831bb4a1bd","modelName":"NEURA 4NE-1","slug":"neura-4ne-1","description":"NEURA Robotics' flagship cognitive humanoid, unveiled in successive generations through CES 2026 (Porsche-studio industrial design). Full-size (~180 cm), high lift capacity (company cites up to ~100 kg), 360° perception, force-torque sensing, and tactile 'artificial skin'; runs on NVIDIA Isaac GR00T. Pre-orders open; first industrial units targeted to ship late 2026. A smaller '4NE-1 Mini' variant is also offered. REVIEW NOTE: lift-capacity and DOF figures are company-stated; height/mass vary across sources (kept conservative here).","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"ai_system":"NVIDIA Isaac GR00T","height_cm":180,"drive_mode":"bipedal","payload_kg":100,"lift_capacity_kg_stated":100},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://neura-robotics.com/products/4ne1/","label":"NEURA — 4NE1 humanoid","title":"NEURA — 4NE1 humanoid","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"NEURA Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-07"},{"url":"https://humanoid.guide/product/4ne-1/","label":"Humanoid.guide — 4NE-1 specs","title":"Humanoid.guide — 4NE-1 specs","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid.guide","publishedAt":"2026-01-07"}],"aliases":["4NE-1","4NE1"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T19:13:27.447Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-27T02:29:17.985Z"},{"id":"0dbe3b2b-b10e-46d0-9d13-093889df2aad","companyId":"2ab09f0f-024c-4514-921e-acebb3d2fbc1","modelName":"Fourier GR-3","slug":"fourier-gr-3","description":"Fourier Intelligence's current flagship full-size humanoid and first explicit 'Care-bot,' the third generation of its GRx series (unveiled 2025; US debut at CES 2026). Stands 165 cm, weighs 71 kg, with 55 degrees of freedom, a soft-touch shell, a full-perception multimodal interaction system (vision, sound-source localization, haptics), and a dual hot-swappable battery system. Positioned for eldercare, rehabilitation, guided tours, and social-companion roles.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"dof":55,"mass_kg":71,"height_cm":165,"drive_mode":"bipedal","application":"care_companion_rehabilitation"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ces-2026-fourier-intelligence-unveils-full-size-humanoid-robot-gr-3-2008896810972438528","label":"Gasgoo — CES 2026: Fourier unveils full-size humanoid GR-3 (55 DOF)","title":"Gasgoo — CES 2026: Fourier unveils full-size humanoid GR-3 (55 DOF)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Gasgoo","publishedAt":"2026-01-07"},{"url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fourier-makes-ces-debut-with-gr-3-a-next-generation-care-focused-humanoid-robot-302654565.html","label":"PR Newswire — Fourier CES debut with GR-3 Care-bot","title":"PR Newswire — Fourier CES debut with GR-3 Care-bot","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"PR Newswire","publishedAt":"2026-01-07"}],"aliases":["GR-3","Fourier GR3","Care-bot"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:36:24.916Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:50:59.064Z"},{"id":"873a7873-5995-4f02-8f94-9e56b1780f19","companyId":"b46ac364-87db-4b0d-99cd-a3c776b94ee7","modelName":"AgiBot Yuanzheng A2","slug":"agibot-yuanzheng-a2","description":"AgiBot's flagship full-size bipedal humanoid (also called 'Expedition A2'), the lead model of its Yuanzheng (远征, 'Expedition') A-series for general-purpose industrial and commercial service use. Stands ~1.75 m, weighs ~55 kg, with 40+ degrees of freedom and a multimodal onboard AI system. AgiBot's most widely recognized robot; obtained China/US/EU certification and set a Guinness record for a ~106 km autonomous walk.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"production","specs":{"dof":"40+","mass_kg":55,"height_cm":175,"drive_mode":"bipedal","application":"industrial_commercial_service"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.robotsinternational.com/Agibot.htm","label":"Robots International — AgiBot Yuanzheng/Expedition A2 flagship specs","title":"Robots International — AgiBot Yuanzheng/Expedition A2 flagship specs","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robots International","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/agibot-tops-the-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-ranking-2009638041914548225","label":"Gasgoo — AgiBot tops global humanoid shipments; Yuanzheng A2 lineup","title":"Gasgoo — AgiBot tops global humanoid shipments; Yuanzheng A2 lineup","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Gasgoo","publishedAt":"2026-01-09"}],"aliases":["Yuanzheng A2","Expedition A2","A2","远征 A2"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:36:24.672Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:50:58.837Z"},{"id":"15523f5c-ffdd-4b54-a298-5234949d21c1","companyId":"2ab09f0f-024c-4514-921e-acebb3d2fbc1","modelName":"Fourier GR-2","slug":"fourier-gr-2","description":"Fourier Intelligence's second-generation GRx humanoid (2024), since succeeded by the current flagship GR-3. A full-size bipedal research/general-purpose humanoid that improved on mobility and roughly doubled battery life over the original GR-1 (2023, reported as China's first mass-produced humanoid). Retained here as a prior-generation model in the GRx lineage.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":null,"specs":{"drive_mode":"bipedal","generation":"GRx gen 2 (2024)","application":"research_general_purpose"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.fourierintelligence.com/gr-2","label":"Fourier Intelligence — GR-2","title":"Fourier Intelligence — GR-2","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Fourier Intelligence","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://blog.robozaps.com/b/cheapest-humanoid-robots-2026","label":"Robozaps — Fourier GR-2 in humanoid pricing landscape","title":"Robozaps — Fourier GR-2 in humanoid pricing landscape","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robozaps","publishedAt":"2026-05-01"},{"url":"https://www.fourierintelligence.com/","label":"Fourier Intelligence — GRx series","title":"Fourier Intelligence — GRx series","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Fourier Intelligence","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.tmtpost.com/post/7651669","label":"TMTPOST — Fourier GRx lineage (GR-1 2023, GR-2 2024, GR-3 2025)","title":"TMTPOST — Fourier GRx lineage (GR-1 2023, GR-2 2024, GR-3 2025)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TMTPOST","publishedAt":"2025-08-06"}],"aliases":["GR-2","Fourier GR2"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:21.493Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:51:01.176Z"},{"id":"50cd2d0b-f661-45cd-aca9-f518c79384f2","companyId":"d5e6cb8e-99c3-48da-9ab9-6de56d5dde80","modelName":"XPeng IRON","slug":"xpeng-iron","description":"XPeng's bipedal humanoid, designed for highly anthropomorphic, human-like gait and motion ('extreme anthropomorphism'). Approximately 1.73-1.78 m tall and ~70 kg. Targets commercial service roles first (reception, retail/shopping guide, tours, inspection), with large-scale mass production targeted around end of 2026; currently in pilot testing at XPeng's Guangzhou facility. REVIEW NOTE: several headline specs (total degrees-of-freedom counts ranging 52-200 across sources, TOPS figures, in-house Turing chip count) are company-stated and inconsistent across reports; deliberately omitted from structured specs pending independent verification.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"mass_kg":70,"height_cm":175,"drive_mode":"bipedal","application":"commercial_service"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.xpeng.com/","label":"XPeng — IRON","title":"XPeng — IRON","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"XPeng","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://themesetfs.com/insights/3-exciting-humanoid-robot-stocks-to-watch-in-2026","label":"XPeng IRON spec overview","title":"XPeng IRON spec overview","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Themes ETF","publishedAt":"2026-03-31"},{"url":"https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/xpeng-targets-2026-for-autonomous-humanoid-robot-iron-mass-production","label":"Humanoids Daily — IRON ~1.78m, ~70kg, Guangzhou pilot, 2026 mass production","title":"Humanoids Daily — IRON ~1.78m, ~70kg, Guangzhou pilot, 2026 mass production","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoids Daily","publishedAt":"2025-11-24"},{"url":"https://humanoid.guide/product/iron/","label":"Humanoid.guide — IRON ~1.73m / ~70kg, commercial-service roles","title":"Humanoid.guide — IRON ~1.73m / ~70kg, commercial-service roles","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid.guide","publishedAt":"2025-11-05"}],"aliases":["IRON","XPENG IRON","Next-Gen IRON"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:21.340Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:50:59.219Z"},{"id":"daafbe32-f560-4079-be76-d032af5a6dc4","companyId":"b46ac364-87db-4b0d-99cd-a3c776b94ee7","modelName":"AgiBot Lingxi X2","slug":"agibot-lingxi-x2","description":"AgiBot's compact bipedal humanoid in its Lingxi (灵畸) line — roughly half adult height (~1.3 m, ~34–39 kg, ~27 DOF), designed for education, entertainment, light service, and human-robot interaction rather than industrial work. It is a secondary product line; AgiBot's flagship full-size humanoid is the Yuanzheng A2. Noted for dynamic-mobility demonstrations (balance-intensive tasks) and onboard interaction AI.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":null,"specs":{"dof":27,"focus":"education_entertainment_service","mass_kg":37,"height_cm":130,"drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.agibot.com/","label":"AgiBot — products (Lingxi line)","title":"AgiBot — products (Lingxi line)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"AgiBot","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://blog.robozaps.com","label":"Robozaps — AgiBot Lingxi X2 overview","title":"Robozaps — AgiBot Lingxi X2 overview","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robozaps","publishedAt":"2026-03-22"},{"url":"https://mikekalil.com/blog/agibot-zhiyuan-robotics/","label":"AgiBot Lingxi X2 — compact humanoid specs (~1.3m, 34kg, 27 DOF)","title":"AgiBot Lingxi X2 — compact humanoid specs (~1.3m, 34kg, 27 DOF)","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Mike Kalil","publishedAt":"2025-11-02"}],"aliases":["Lingxi X2","灵畸 X2"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:21.186Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:51:00.945Z"},{"id":"f45f8efc-7b2d-4b1b-897c-30dea33f9b1b","companyId":"296f47f6-b1a8-4329-b9c3-4e33e7e2e8bd","modelName":"Walker S2","slug":"ubtech-walker-s2","description":"UBTech's flagship industrial bipedal humanoid, designed for smart manufacturing, logistics, and factory automation. Notable for a self-service battery-swap capability enabling near-continuous (reported 24-hour) operation. Reported production milestone of its 1,000th unit at UBTech's Liuzhou facility.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"feature":"autonomous_battery_swap","drive_mode":"bipedal","application":"industrial_manufacturing"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/Walker","label":"UBTech — Walker series","title":"UBTech — Walker series","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"UBTech Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/12/30/elon-musk-wants-robots-everywhere-china-is-making-that-a-reality.html","label":"CNBC — UBTech Walker S2 battery-swap, production plans","title":"CNBC — UBTech Walker S2 battery-swap, production plans","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CNBC","publishedAt":"2025-12-30"}],"aliases":["Walker S2"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:21.032Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:50:56.035Z"},{"id":"3c593db9-6102-4c29-9be6-172887565abe","companyId":"e0eddc78-26bb-43ae-bfc5-422a414ebd99","modelName":"Unitree G1","slug":"unitree-g1","description":"Unitree's compact full-size humanoid, introduced as a notably low-cost research-grade bipedal platform (base pricing widely reported around $13,500-$16,000). Roughly 130 cm tall, ~35 kg, with a configurable 23-43 degrees of freedom, 3D LiDAR, depth cameras, and athletic capabilities. Widely adopted by universities and labs.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"dof":"23-43","mass_kg":35,"dof_range":"23-43","height_cm":130,"drive_mode":"bipedal","payload_kg":3,"battery_life_hours":2},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.unitree.com/g1","label":"Unitree — G1","title":"Unitree — G1","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Unitree Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://humanoid.press/humanoid-press/news/archives-humanoid-robots/","label":"Humanoid Press — Unitree G1 specs and adoption","title":"Humanoid Press — Unitree G1 specs and adoption","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Humanoid Press","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["G1"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:20.880Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-27T02:34:03.760Z"},{"id":"51fb287e-0131-4a2b-995a-d3c7ce3ba20c","companyId":"2d63e78e-0911-4454-b518-330d419e291f","modelName":"Phoenix","slug":"sanctuary-phoenix","description":"Sanctuary AI's general-purpose bipedal humanoid, notable for highly dexterous hands aimed at fine manipulation tasks, controlled by the company's Carbon AI control system.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"focus":"dexterous_manipulation","drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.sanctuary.ai/product","label":"Sanctuary AI — Phoenix","title":"Sanctuary AI — Phoenix","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Sanctuary AI","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuary_AI","label":"Sanctuary AI (Phoenix) — Wikipedia","title":"Sanctuary AI (Phoenix) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"id":"43772228-7b66-42b6-9800-eb76dc435083","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/","label":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","title":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-21T22:15:00.000Z"}],"aliases":["Sanctuary Phoenix"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:20.727Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T23:05:32.199Z"},{"id":"7ba0eda0-6ad0-4633-b81e-b4a7dd41137d","companyId":"e7a41cec-45f0-4061-8042-270161a5c06f","modelName":"Apollo","slug":"apptronik-apollo","description":"Apptronik's general-purpose bipedal humanoid designed for industrial tasks such as logistics and manufacturing, with a modular, mass-manufacturable design. Reported pilots in automotive manufacturing.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"drive_mode":"bipedal","payload_kg":25,"application":"industrial_manufacturing","battery_life_hours":4},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://apptronik.com/apollo","label":"Apptronik — Apollo","title":"Apptronik — Apollo","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Apptronik","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apptronik","label":"Apptronik (Apollo) — Wikipedia","title":"Apptronik (Apollo) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["Apptronik Apollo"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:20.570Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-27T02:29:17.589Z"},{"id":"0603ecfa-2a07-4693-882e-c85c92340bd1","companyId":"601e0482-0090-4fda-8cf5-e1d9e5f0d3ee","modelName":"NEO","slug":"1x-neo","description":"1X Technologies' consumer-oriented bipedal humanoid for the home, announced October 2025. ~167 cm and ~30 kg with a soft 3D-lattice-polymer body and a machine-washable knit cover, tendon-driven actuation, and 22-DOF hands. Priced at $20,000 (or $499/month subscription) with first U.S. shipments targeted for 2026. Uses human-in-the-loop teleoperation alongside onboard AI.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"mass_kg":30,"hand_dof":22,"height_cm":167,"drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.1x.tech/discover/neo-home-robot","label":"1X — NEO Home Robot","title":"1X — NEO Home Robot","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"1X Technologies","publishedAt":"2025-10-28"},{"url":"https://www.therobotreport.com/1x-announces-pre-order-launch-neo-humanoid-robot/","label":"The Robot Report — NEO available for preorder","title":"The Robot Report — NEO available for preorder","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"The Robot Report","publishedAt":"2025-11-03"}],"aliases":["1X NEO","NEO Beta"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:20.416Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:50:55.409Z"},{"id":"c2f5e5cd-94a3-45ce-9395-8822efa85ee7","companyId":"e07a6384-c6a0-4a69-8abe-7fcea11bc302","modelName":"Atlas","slug":"boston-dynamics-atlas","description":"Boston Dynamics' humanoid robot. The current generation is all-electric (a redesign from the earlier hydraulic research platform), aimed at industrial/manufacturing tasks, with reported deployment work in Hyundai automotive production.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"drive_mode":"bipedal_electric","application":"industrial_manufacturing"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://bostondynamics.com/atlas/","label":"Boston Dynamics — Atlas","title":"Boston Dynamics — Atlas","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Boston Dynamics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(robot)","label":"Atlas (robot) — Wikipedia","title":"Atlas (robot) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["BD Atlas","Electric Atlas"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:20.266Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:50:55.252Z"},{"id":"ec386dec-4329-4776-9bf9-d2ac74abddd5","companyId":"78e42c22-f8b8-4197-b71e-cdd6b64f9aac","modelName":"Digit","slug":"digit","description":"Agility Robotics' bipedal humanoid designed for warehouse and logistics work (bulk material handling, tote moving). One of the most commercially deployed humanoids, with reported active units in real logistics operations.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"bipedal","payload_kg":16,"application":"logistics_material_handling","battery_life_hours":4},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.agilityrobotics.com/robots","label":"Agility Robotics — Digit","title":"Agility Robotics — Digit","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Agility Robotics","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_(robot)","label":"Digit (robot) — Wikipedia","title":"Digit (robot) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["Agility Digit"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:20.112Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-27T02:29:17.829Z"},{"id":"0ad1b6f8-1b4a-43d9-9838-98f3279a49ac","companyId":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","modelName":"Tesla Optimus","slug":"tesla-optimus","description":"Tesla's general-purpose humanoid robot. Gen 3 mass production commenced at Tesla's Fremont, California factory on January 21, 2026, with Tesla planning to convert its Model S/X assembly lines to Optimus manufacturing (Q2 2026) toward a stated capacity of 1 million units per year by end-2026, plus a dedicated Giga Texas facility under construction. IMPORTANT — production vs. deployment: as of early 2026, Optimus units physically present at Fremont and Giga Texas are in a supervised learning and data-collection phase; CEO Elon Musk admitted in January 2026 that zero Optimus robots were yet doing 'useful work' in Tesla's factories. Reported simple autonomous tasks (e.g. battery-cell sorting) remain in structured, supervised settings — sustained, unsupervised, economically productive work has not been demonstrated or independently confirmed. First productive internal deployment is projected for late 2026 to 2027; public sales targeted for 2027+. Maturity: prototype/early-pilot — the hardware exists and is mass-production-staged, but no qualifying real-work deployment exists yet (hence no deployment recorded in DEPLOY).","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"prototype","specs":{"mass_kg":57,"height_cm":173,"drive_mode":"bipedal","payload_kg_target":20},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/we-robot","label":"Tesla — Optimus","title":"Tesla — Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Tesla","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)","label":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","title":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/22/tesla-optimus-production-fremont-model-sx-line/","label":"Musk: zero Optimus doing useful work (Jan 2026); Fremont line conversion","title":"Musk: zero Optimus doing useful work (Jan 2026); Fremont line conversion","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-22"},{"url":"https://newmarketpitch.com/blogs/news/humanoid-robotics-optimus-deployment-tracker","label":"Optimus internal testing stage — data collection, not economically productive work; timeline","title":"Optimus internal testing stage — data collection, not economically productive work; timeline","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"New Market Pitch","publishedAt":"2026-04-22"}],"aliases":["Optimus","Tesla Bot"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:19.960Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-26T20:03:07.972Z"},{"id":"cab354ed-300c-4fa5-a4a9-f2c66b0a3a0e","companyId":"7107d624-dbc3-4d73-9103-1138ebf6f754","modelName":"Figure 03","slug":"figure-03","description":"Figure AI's production-grade general-purpose humanoid, unveiled October 2025. Roughly 5'8\" / ~61 kg with a soft textile exterior, tactile sensing hands, and wireless foot charging; runs Figure's Helix VLA model. Manufactured at Figure's BotQ facility.","formFactor":"humanoid","maturityStage":"production","specs":{"mass_kg":61,"ai_system":"Helix VLA","height_cm":173,"drive_mode":"bipedal"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.figure.ai/","label":"Figure — Figure 03","title":"Figure — Figure 03","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Figure AI","publishedAt":"2025-10-09"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_AI","label":"Figure AI (Figure 01-03) — Wikipedia","title":"Figure AI (Figure 01-03) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"}],"aliases":["F.03","Figure 3"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:19.725Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T18:50:54.710Z"},{"id":"c9a56a6c-55d4-40e3-b080-70a6f04e6956","companyId":"2128addc-20c8-4c31-aef5-be5ada97aede","modelName":"Waymo Driver 6th-gen","slug":"waymo-driver-gen6","description":"The sixth-generation Waymo Driver is Waymo's autonomous driving stack for fully autonomous robotaxi service. The platform integrates 13 cameras, 4 lidars, 6 radars, and external audio receivers, with overlapping 360° coverage and a detection range up to roughly 500 meters in nominal conditions. Compared to the fifth-generation system on the Jaguar I-PACE, the sixth-gen system uses 42% fewer total sensors. Waymo says the per-unit hardware cost is targeted under $20,000 — a more than 50% reduction from the 5th-gen system. Currently runs on the Zeekr RT (sold as the “Ojai” robotaxi, purpose-built without a steering wheel or pedals) and the Hyundai IONIQ 5; began fully autonomous commercial operations in February 2026.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"fully_autonomous","generation":6,"lidar_count":4,"radar_count":6,"camera_count":13,"vehicle_platforms":"Zeekr RT (Ojai); Hyundai IONIQ 5","external_audio_receivers":true,"detection_range_m_nominal_approx":500,"target_unit_cost_usd_under_waymo_stated":20000},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2024/08/meet-the-6th-generation-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Meet the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (primary announcement, sensor suite + cost targets)","publishedAt":"2024-08-19"},{"url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/ro-on-6th-gen-waymo-driver/","label":"Waymo blog — Beginning fully autonomous operations with the 6th-gen Driver (primary, commercial launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/waymo-begins-deploying-next-gen-ojai-robotaxis-to-extend-its-us-lead.html","label":"CNBC — Waymo begins deploying next-gen Ojai robotaxis (third-party trade coverage of the launch)","publishedAt":"2026-02-12"},{"url":"https://www.wardsauto.com/news/archive-auto-waymo-6th-generation-driver-autonomous-driving-hardware-robotaxi-lidar-ai/725519/","label":"WardsAuto — Inside the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (third-party deep-dive on the hardware suite)","publishedAt":"2024-08-29"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T04:41:57.633Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:05.059Z"},{"id":"ec6ac2df-4c64-4b46-8a48-7a985d4cc28d","companyId":"4143e494-260e-49c8-8d04-3e85d9c7218a","modelName":"Avride delivery robot","slug":"avride-delivery-robot","description":"Avride's autonomous sidewalk delivery robot, evolved from the Yandex rover platform. Operates in active service across multiple U.S. cities through partnerships with Uber Eats and others.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":null,"specs":{"drive_mode":"autonomous_with_remote_oversight","payload_class":"food_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://avride.ai/delivery","label":"Avride — Delivery robot page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:42.032Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T16:05:49.936Z"},{"id":"9ce516f6-086e-4233-9b6c-590b7b47d801","companyId":"1be6da76-d43a-4468-b768-9c18837bcbb4","modelName":"Kiwibot 4.0","slug":"kiwibot-4","description":"Fourth-generation Kiwibot sidewalk delivery robot. Semi-autonomous with teleoperator oversight; insulated cargo compartment sized for campus food delivery.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"semi_autonomous_with_teleoperation","generation":4,"payload_class":"food_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.kiwibot.com/robots","label":"Kiwibot — Robots page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.875Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.747Z"},{"id":"7010e304-f637-4c40-bb0d-7d80f8a61c56","companyId":"24cc7835-a940-4663-a48b-803f6e546dea","modelName":"Nuro R3","slug":"nuro-r3","description":"Third-generation Nuro autonomous road vehicle, with redesigned cargo compartment and refined sensor stack. Built in partnership with BYD. Same `av` form-factor classification as R2; same road-vehicle regulatory regime.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"drive_mode":"autonomous","generation":3,"payload_class":"road_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.nuro.ai/vehicle","label":"Nuro — Vehicle page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.716Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:05.372Z"},{"id":"275b75ca-33c8-4d8d-82ce-3801e5505e85","companyId":"24cc7835-a940-4663-a48b-803f6e546dea","modelName":"Nuro R2","slug":"nuro-r2","description":"Second-generation Nuro autonomous road vehicle. Low-speed automotive form factor, goods-only (no passenger compartment). Deployed in Houston, Mountain View, and Scottsdale. Classified as `av` form factor; regulatory regime is road-vehicle, not sidewalk.","formFactor":"av","maturityStage":"pilot","specs":{"drive_mode":"autonomous","generation":2,"payload_class":"road_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.nuro.ai/vehicle","label":"Nuro — Vehicle page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.638Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:05.216Z"},{"id":"7d0a26f0-7eb2-4e9c-b713-1caebc6a5484","companyId":"9fa14702-0c5f-4c07-a300-79665ed32dd9","modelName":"Starship Bot","slug":"starship-bot","description":"Starship's six-wheeled autonomous sidewalk delivery robot. Insulated cargo compartment, route mapping via lidar/camera fusion, operates primarily on sidewalks at low speed.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"wheels":6,"drive_mode":"autonomous_with_remote_oversight","payload_class":"consumer_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.starship.xyz/robots","label":"Starship — Robots page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.903Z"},{"id":"a2afce41-277c-435b-9bb1-e4f7eff0f066","companyId":"fe7b5d4c-4e52-4f57-8593-b8289761539b","modelName":"Serve Gen 3","slug":"serve-gen3","description":"Serve's third-generation autonomous sidewalk delivery robot. Uses a multi-sensor stack for sidewalk navigation, with remote oversight available. Operates in active service across Los Angeles, including via Uber Eats integration.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"autonomous_with_remote_oversight","payload_class":"food_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.serverobotics.com/robots","label":"Serve Robotics — Robots page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.315Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.438Z"},{"id":"ba068d65-1570-4760-8ec6-9ad9037c555f","companyId":"c82ca402-4bb1-4c8b-8203-ca2dfc5fbab3","modelName":"Coco Bot","slug":"coco-bot","description":"Coco's flagship sidewalk delivery robot. Wheeled, teleoperated by remote pilots, with an insulated cargo compartment for restaurant orders. Operates at walking speeds on sidewalks within range of a partner restaurant.","formFactor":"sidewalk","maturityStage":"commercial","specs":{"drive_mode":"teleoperated","payload_class":"food_delivery"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.cocodelivery.com","label":"Coco Robotics — Product page"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-24T05:11:41.079Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-25T19:43:04.593Z"}]}