{"id":"2fa251e0-7b43-48c6-8394-e3bc0807be97","slug":"eu-product-liability-directive-2024-2853","kind":"other","headline":"EU Product Liability Directive (EU) 2024/2853: software and AI systems are products; applies to products placed on the market from 9 December 2026","summary":"Directive (EU) 2024/2853 on liability for defective products entered into force on 8 December 2024. Member States must transpose it by 9 December 2026, and it applies to products placed on the market from 9 December 2026; products placed on the market before that date stay under the 1985 Product Liability Directive (85/374/EEC). It sets no-fault liability for damage caused by defective products and covers all types of software, including applications, operating systems and AI systems. Manufacturers can be liable for defects that exist at release, including those that emerge later through software updates or machine-learning features. Status: adopted, transposition period running. Applicability: makers of humanoids, delivery robots and AMRs, and their software and AI providers, face strict liability in the EU for robots placed on the market from 9 December 2026, including for defects introduced by updates or learned behaviour. Verified on 2026-10-26.","locationId":"1f672777-9422-4b11-8e4d-4fd9e8209c30","effectiveAt":"2026-12-09T00:00:00.000Z","expiresAt":null,"reviewStatus":"unreviewed","formFactors":["humanoid","quadruped","service","delivery","sidewalk","av","other"],"jurisdiction":"EU","complianceDeadline":null,"enforcementEvents":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-26T19:59:11.685Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T20:00:32.458Z","location":{"id":"1f672777-9422-4b11-8e4d-4fd9e8209c30","name":"European Union","slug":"european-union","kind":"region","parentLocationId":null,"region":"Europe","lat":54.526,"lng":15.2551,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-31T13:17:45.465Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-04T13:32:35.092Z"},"derived":{"status":"in_effect"},"sources":[{"id":"af5a7ae4-7862-43fa-a8ba-9e40d7b69a97","regulationId":"2fa251e0-7b43-48c6-8394-e3bc0807be97","url":"https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/free-movement-sectors/liability-defective-products_en","label":"Liability for defective products","publishedAt":null,"notes":null,"title":"Liability for defective products","sourceName":"European Commission (DG GROW)","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-26T19:59:12.492Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T19:59:12.492Z"}],"statusEvents":[],"jsonLd":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Legislation","@id":"https://registry.deploy.report/regulations/eu-product-liability-directive-2024-2853","url":"https://registry.deploy.report/regulations/eu-product-liability-directive-2024-2853","name":"EU Product Liability Directive (EU) 2024/2853: software and AI systems are products; applies to products placed on the market from 9 December 2026","description":"Directive (EU) 2024/2853 on liability for defective products entered into force on 8 December 2024. Member States must transpose it by 9 December 2026, and it applies to products placed on the market from 9 December 2026; products placed on the market before that date stay under the 1985 Product Liability Directive (85/374/EEC). It sets no-fault liability for damage caused by defective products and covers all types of software, including applications, operating systems and AI systems. Manufacturers can be liable for defects that exist at release, including those that emerge later through software updates or machine-learning features. Status: adopted, transposition period running. Applicability: makers of humanoids, delivery robots and AMRs, and their software and AI providers, face strict liability in the EU for robots placed on the market from 9 December 2026, including for defects introduced by updates or learned behaviour. Verified on 2026-10-26.","identifier":"2fa251e0-7b43-48c6-8394-e3bc0807be97","legislationDate":"2026-12-09T00:00:00.000Z","legislationApplies":{"@type":"Place","name":"European Union"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"}},"framework_metadata":{"framework_schema_version":"0.1.0","verification_status":"unreviewed","maturity_stage":null,"lifecycle_state":null,"architectural_position":{"cohort":null,"sub_cohorts":[]},"within_cohort_verified_vs_claimed_pair":null,"cap_flags":[],"verification_depth":{"sources_count":1,"primary_source_types":[]}}}