{"id":"9c6733f9-1fbe-4ff3-a83a-bb5f191915a7","slug":"colregs-mass-application-gap","kind":"safety_standard","headline":"COLREGs Application to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships","summary":"The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), adopted by IMO in 1972, apply to all vessels on the high seas. The MASS Code incorporates COLREGs by reference, but gaps remain regarding the meaning of master, crew, and watchkeeping for autonomous vessels. IMO identified COLREGs as a high-priority instrument requiring amendment for MASS compliance.","locationId":"6753d6b9-d63f-41f8-b672-4d80bdb4dd82","effectiveAt":"1972-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","expiresAt":null,"reviewStatus":"unreviewed","formFactors":["maritime"],"jurisdiction":"international","complianceDeadline":null,"enforcementEvents":null,"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"none","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-08-09T21:37:35.329Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-09T21:37:35.329Z","location":{"id":"6753d6b9-d63f-41f8-b672-4d80bdb4dd82","name":"Global","slug":"global","kind":"site","parentLocationId":null,"region":null,"lat":null,"lng":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":"Ungeocodable: non-geographic or multi-region location","createdAt":"2026-06-08T01:03:25.017Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-15T14:55:14.618Z"},"derived":{"status":"in_effect"},"sources":[{"id":"33bbfd4e-998f-48fe-9bf7-41e711d0f79b","regulationId":"9c6733f9-1fbe-4ff3-a83a-bb5f191915a7","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13437-022-00269-z","label":null,"publishedAt":null,"notes":null,"title":"Autonomous ships and the collision avoidance regulations: a licensed deck officer survey","sourceName":"Springer","mediaType":"article","videoId":null,"channel":null,"durationSec":null,"timestampSec":null,"createdAt":"2026-08-09T21:37:35.329Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-09T21:37:35.329Z"}],"statusEvents":[{"id":"96cb917b-58f6-4129-8873-4f2b93c9748f","regulationId":"9c6733f9-1fbe-4ff3-a83a-bb5f191915a7","status":"in_effect","reason":"Initial ingestion","source":"agent-recon","effectiveAt":"1972-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","createdAt":"2026-08-09T21:37:35.329Z"}],"jsonLd":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Legislation","@id":"https://registry.deploy.report/regulations/colregs-mass-application-gap","url":"https://registry.deploy.report/regulations/colregs-mass-application-gap","name":"COLREGs Application to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships","description":"The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), adopted by IMO in 1972, apply to all vessels on the high seas. The MASS Code incorporates COLREGs by reference, but gaps remain regarding the meaning of master, crew, and watchkeeping for autonomous vessels. IMO identified COLREGs as a high-priority instrument requiring amendment for MASS compliance.","identifier":"9c6733f9-1fbe-4ff3-a83a-bb5f191915a7","legislationDate":"1972-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","legislationApplies":{"@type":"Place","name":"Global"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://deploy.report/#organization"}},"framework_metadata":{"framework_schema_version":"0.1.0","verification_status":"unreviewed","maturity_stage":null,"lifecycle_state":null,"architectural_position":{"cohort":null,"sub_cohorts":[]},"within_cohort_verified_vs_claimed_pair":null,"cap_flags":[],"verification_depth":{"sources_count":1,"primary_source_types":[]}}}