{"id":"923981e4-2a02-4929-93ed-e9a397b6b502","modelId":"052e9ee2-1537-4f18-8ebc-d015a8ad3770","versionId":null,"locationId":"f1197527-6621-41c7-95a4-b34f80e2d112","operatorId":"1d07c554-a0d6-422c-8834-6c756afc49e0","ownerId":null,"slug":"hakuto-r-m2-moon-2025","status":"ended","firstSeen":"2025-06-05T12:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":["loading_unloading"],"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":8,"siteType":"retail","operatorConfirmed":false,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":"verified_coordinates","deploymentScale":"undisclosed","siteEnvironment":"mixed","operatorType":"maker_operated","sourceQualityTier":2,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://spaceflightnow.com/2025/06/06/ispaces-resilience-lander-crash-lands-on-the-moon/","title":"hakuto-r-m2-moon-2025","sourceName":"primary/credible"},{"url":"https://ispace-inc.com/","title":"ispace (official)","sourceName":"ispace (primary)"},{"url":"https://ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=7671","title":"ispace Releases Technical Cause Analysis for HAKUTO-R Mission 2","sourceName":"ispace"},{"url":"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/06/24/japan/science-health/ispace-crash-cause/","title":"Ispace reveals cause of second lunar lander crash","sourceName":"Japan Times"}],"notes":"HAKUTO-R Mission 2 (RESILIENCE) attempted landing 2025-06-06. Hard landing/crash; spacecraft lost. Root cause: Laser Range Finder (LRF) hardware anomaly — delays in valid altitude measurements during final descent. Lander reached surface ~1 min 45 sec early at 187 km/h, far too fast for safe touchdown. Communications lost, never restored. ispace confirmed no prospect of successful landing on 2025-06-24. Second consecutive failed lunar landing for ispace (M1 crashed April 2023 due to software issue). Tenacious rover and all payloads lost. Missions 3 and 4 planned for 2027.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Mission","value":"HAKUTO-R Mission 2 (Resilience)"},{"label":"Outcome","value":"CRASH-LANDED 2025-06-05; comms lost ~90 s before projected touchdown; root cause a laser-range-finder hardware anomaly (failed)"},{"label":"Status","value":"ispace confirmed no prospect of successful landing on 2025-06-24"},{"label":"Technology","value":"LRF delays in valid altitude measurements during final descent caused lander to reach surface ~1 min 45 sec early at 187 km/h"},{"label":"Payload","value":"Tenacious rover and all payloads lost"},{"label":"Fleet","value":"Second consecutive failed lunar landing for ispace; M1 crashed April 2023 due to software issue"},{"label":"Status","value":"Missions 3 and 4 planned for 2027"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":"research","scaleTier":"undisclosed","contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-06-05T23:23:02.774Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-21T14:22:51.010Z","model":{"id":"052e9ee2-1537-4f18-8ebc-d015a8ad3770","companyId":"1d07c554-a0d6-422c-8834-6c756afc49e0","modelName":"HAKUTO-R Lander","slug":"hakuto-r-lander","description":"Commercial lunar lander with autonomous descent guidance (ispace Series 1).. Maturity: pilot. Focus: Commercial lunar exploration. Robot: HAKUTO-R lunar lander and TENACIOUS micro-rover.","formFactor":"space","industryVertical":"space","environment":"space","maturityStage":"pilot","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"role":"lunar lander","autonomy":"autonomous descent guidance"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2","title":"HAKUTO-R Lander","sourceName":"primary/credible"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1","title":"Hakuto-R Mission 1","sourceName":"Wikipedia"},{"url":"https://2022.ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=2607","date":"2020-07-30","title":"HAKUTO-R Reveals Final Design and Plan for Mission 1 Lunar Lander","sourceName":"ispace"},{"url":"https://www.ispace-inc.com/mission-2/","title":"ispace HAKUTO-R Mission 2 RESILIENCE and TENACIOUS","publisher":"ispace"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Focus","value":"Commercial lunar exploration with the HAKUTO-R lander and the TENACIOUS micro-rover."},{"label":"Mission 1 design (company-stated, Jul 2020)","value":"2.3 m tall and 2.6 m wide with legs extended, about 340 kg dry, a 30 kg payload target, and a 3-month low-energy trajectory on a SpaceX Falcon 9."},{"label":"Mission 1 assembly (company-stated, Jul 2020)","value":"Assembly from 2021 at JAL Engineering in Narita, Japan; final assembly, integration and testing by ArianeGroup GmbH in Lampoldshausen, Germany."},{"label":"Propulsion and schedule (company-stated, Jul 2020)","value":"ArianeGroup supplies the main propulsion system and a hydrazine reaction-control system. The launch target moved from 2021 to 2022."},{"label":"Mission 2 RESILIENCE (company-stated)","value":"About 2.3 m tall and 2.6 m wide, about 1000 kg wet and 340 kg dry, up to 30 kg payload; launched January 2025 on a Falcon 9 from Kennedy Space Center."},{"label":"TENACIOUS rover (company-stated)","value":"About 26 cm tall, 31.5 cm wide and 5 kg with a 1 kg max payload and CFRP frame; flown on Mission 2, relaying data via the lander."},{"label":"First European lunar rover (company-claimed)","value":"ispace calls TENACIOUS the first-ever European rover launched to the Moon."}],"createdAt":"2026-06-05T23:21:33.484Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T03:56:37.802Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"1d07c554-a0d6-422c-8834-6c756afc49e0","name":"ispace","slug":"ispace","description":"Japanese commercial lunar-exploration company; 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