# Which company is winning the robotaxi race?

**On DEPLOY's verified record, Waymo leads the robotaxi race.** Waymo runs verified robotaxi service in more cities than any operator DEPLOY tracks, holds the most operational deployment records, and is the only fleet at commercial maturity at that scale. But DEPLOY's deployment record is US-weighted, so Chinese operators like Baidu Apollo Go and WeRide report far larger footprints than DEPLOY independently verifies. This ranks verified coverage, not the whole world.

Last verified Jul 21, 2026. 451 sources.

## Short answer

There is a clear leader on DEPLOY's record, and there is an honest caveat, and both matter. The leader is Waymo. It runs verified, fare-charging robotaxi service in more cities than any other operator DEPLOY tracks, it holds the most operational deployment records, and it is the only operator whose robotaxi model has reached commercial maturity across that many markets.

Tesla is the fastest mover, standing up service in a run of new metros through 2025 and 2026, though its model is still at pilot maturity. Zoox and Pony AI run real service in a handful of cities each, and Cruise, which once led in San Francisco, has wound its program down. That is who leads on the numbers that are on the record.

The caveat is scope. DEPLOY's deployment record is weighted toward the United States, so Chinese operators like Baidu Apollo Go, WeRide, and Pony AI report city counts far larger than DEPLOY independently holds as dated, sourced deployment records. This scorecard therefore ranks verified coverage, not a global tally, and it says so plainly.

Every cell below is a real count from the record, dated and sourced, or left honestly blank where the record holds nothing.

## Who leads on what

- **Most cities with a verified deployment: Waymo.** 11 cities on record, on DEPLOY's record as of Apr 7, 2026.
- **Most operational deployments on record: Waymo.** 15 operational of 15 deployments, on DEPLOY's record as of Apr 7, 2026.
- **Furthest along: at commercial maturity, most cities: Waymo.** Commercial fleet across 11 cities, on DEPLOY's record as of Apr 7, 2026.
- **The scope caveat: a US-weighted record.** DEPLOY's deployment record is weighted toward markets it can independently verify, so Chinese operators like Baidu Apollo Go and WeRide report city counts larger than DEPLOY holds as dated deployment records. This ranks verified coverage, not a global tally.

## The robotaxi race scorecard

| Operator | Cities on record | Deployments (operational) | Furthest maturity | Fleet | Private venture funding |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Waymo | 11 | 15 (15) | Commercial | Active | $27.1B (4 rounds) |
| Tesla | 7 | 10 (10) | Pilot | Active | not on record |
| Baidu | 6 | 7 (6) | Commercial | Active | Apollo Pre-IPO Strategic Round only |
| WeRide | 6 | 6 (6) | Commercial | Active | $310M (1 round) |
| Cruise | 6 | 7 (0) | Commercial | Wound down | $6.2B (4 rounds) |
| Argo AI | 5 | 7 (0) | Pilot | Active | not on record |
| Zoox | 4 | 6 (5) | Pilot | Active | $500M (1 round), plus Acquisition (Amazon) |
| Pony AI | 4 | 5 (5) | Commercial | Active | $664M (3 rounds) |
| Aurora Innovation | 3 | 3 (3) | Commercial | Active | $90M (1 round), plus SPAC IPO (Reinvent Technology Partners Y) |
| Avride | 2 | 3 (3) | Pilot | Active | $200M (1 round) |
| May Mobility | 2 | 2 (2) | Commercial | Active | $173M (3 rounds) |
| EasyMile | 2 | 2 (1) | Commercial | Active | $55M (1 round) |
| Volkswagen Group | 2 | 2 (0) | Pilot | Active | not on record |
| Nuro | 1 | 4 (1) | Pilot | Active | $2.3B (5 rounds) |
| Motional | 1 | 2 (1) | Pilot | Active | $4.8B (3 rounds) |
| Gatik | 1 | 1 (1) | Commercial | Active | $85M (1 round) |
| Momenta Global | 1 | 1 (1) | Production | Active | IPO only |
| Verne | 1 | 1 (1) | Pilot | Active | not on record |
| AutoX | 1 | 1 (1) | Commercial | Wound down | $260M (2 rounds) |
| Didi Autonomous Driving | 1 | 1 (0) | Pilot | Active | $781M (2 rounds) |
| Mobileye | 1 | 1 (0) | Pilot | Active | Acquisition (Intel) only |
| MOIA | 1 | 1 (0) | Pilot | Active | not on record |
| Plus | 1 | 1 (0) | Commercial | Active | $740M (4 rounds) |

## How we know this

- [Electrive](https://www.electrive.com/2026/02/25/waymo-launches-robotaxi-service-in-four-additional-us-cities/) (2026-02-25)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/18/waymo-texas-florida-2026.html) (2025-11-18)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/dallas-houston-san-antonio-orlando/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/24/waymo-opens-robotaxi-service-to-select-riders-in-4-more-us-cities.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/24/waymo-robotaxis-are-now-operating-in-10-us-cities/)
- [NBC DFW](https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/waymo-in-final-testing-phase-as-robotaxis-tech-continues-to-eye-dallas-market/3981519/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/28/waymo-plans-to-bring-its-robotaxi-service-to-dallas-in-2026.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/07/waymo-opens-robotaxi-service-in-nashville-partners-with-lyft/)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/04/your-waymo-ride-now-arriving-in-nashville/)
- [TechBuzz](https://www.techbuzz.ai/articles/waymo-hits-11-cities-partners-with-lyft-in-nashville-push)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/waymo-suspends-freeway-service/) (2026-05-21)
- [machine-extracted](https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/) (2026-05-21)
- [Understanding AI](https://www.understandingai.org/p/waymos-next-five-cities-are-all-in) (2025-11-18)
- [California Public Utilities Commission](https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/01/waymo-approved-to-expand-robotaxi-service-in-los-angeles-sf-peninsula.html)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2024/03/scaling-waymo-one-safely-across-four-cities-this-year/)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2024/11/waymo-one-open-to-all-in-los-angeles/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/11/12/waymo-opens-robotaxi-service-to-anyone-in-los-angeles.html)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2025/11/taking-riders-further-safely-with-freeways/)
- [Waymo](https://waymo.com/updates/) (2026-04-15)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/01/miami-your-waymo-ride-is-ready/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/22/waymo-launches-robotaxi-service-in-miami-extending-us-lead.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/22/waymo-continues-robotaxi-ramp-up-with-miami-service-now-open-to-public/)
- [NBC News](https://www.nbcnews.com/business/autos/waymo-expand-miami-aims-launch-robotaxi-service-2026-rcna183028)
- [AOL/MySA](https://www.aol.com/news/google-owned-waymo-robotaxis-soon-151502821.html) (2025-11-08)
- [Axios Houston](https://www.axios.com/local/houston/2026/02/24/houston-waymo-autonomous-ride-hail-robotaxi)
- [KPRC Click2Houston](https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2026/05/13/waymo-expands-houston-robotaxi-service-area-ahead-of-fifa-world-cup-events/)
- [Houston Public Media](https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/transportation/2026/02/24/544147/waymo-houston-self-driving-cars-fully-autonomous/)
- [Uber Newsroom](https://www.uber.com/us/en/newsroom/waymo-on-uber-atl/)
- [Bloomberg](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-06-24/uber-and-waymo-begin-driverless-ride-hailing-service-in-atlanta)
- [Fortune](https://fortune.com/2025/06/24/uber-waymo-robotaxi-tesla-musk-atlanta/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/06/24/uber-and-waymos-commercial-robotaxi-service-is-open-for-business-in-atlanta/)
- [Atlanta News First](https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2025/06/24/uber-launches-robotaxi-service-with-waymo-atlanta/)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waymo) (2024-03-01)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-pauses-atlanta-service-as-its-robotaxis-keep-driving-into-floods/) (2026-05-21)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2024/08/meet-the-6th-generation-waymo-driver/)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/ro-on-6th-gen-waymo-driver/)
- [California Public Utilities Commission](https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/news-and-updates/all-news/cpuc-approves-permits-for-cruise-and-waymo-to-charge-fares-for-passenger-service-in-sf-2023)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/19/waymo-gets-ok-to-expand-robotaxi-service-into-more-of-silicon-valley/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/12/waymo-robotaxi-starts-freeway-highway-rides.html)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/01/waymo-rides-at-sfo/)
- [Waymo](https://waymo.com/blog/2025/03/waymo-driver-gen6/)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/waymo-launching-driverless-robotaxis-in-5-more-cities/) (2025-11-18)
- [Waymo](https://waymo.com/blog/2020/10/waymo-is-opening-its-fully-driverless-service-in-phoenix/) (2020-10-08)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2023/05/waymo-one-doubles-service-area-in/)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2024/06/largest-autonomous-ride-hail-territory-in-us-now-even-larger/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/12/14/waymo-launches-curbside-robotaxi-pickup-at-phoenix-airport/)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2024/01/from-surface-streets-to-freeways-safely-expanding-our-rider-only-testing/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/08/waymo-starts-to-open-driverless-ride-hailing-service-to-the-public/) (2020-10-08)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/04/floridas-new-way-to-ride/)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2024/09/waymo-and-uber-expand-partnership/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/04/uber-users-in-austin-are-getting-matched-with-waymo-robotaxis/)
- [Axios](https://www.axios.com/2025/03/04/uber-waymo-robotaxi-austin)
- [Fortune](https://fortune.com/2025/03/04/uber-waymo-launch-driverless-ride-service-austin/)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2026/05/13/waymo-expands-coverage-1400-square-miles-11-cities/)
- [KXAN](https://www.kxan.com/news/local/austin/waymo-uber-expand-service-in-austin-heres-where/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/25/waymo-raises-5-6b-from-alphabet-a16z-silver-lake-and-more/)
- [Waymo (official)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/waymo-raises-usd16-billion-investment-round/)
- [Waymo Blog](https://blog.waymo.com/2020/03/waymo-raises-first-external-investment.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/02/waymo-raises-3-billion-in-first-ever-external-funding-round/)
- [Waymo Blog](https://blog.waymo.com/2021/06/waymo-raises-25-billion.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/16/waymo-raises-2-5b-in-new-funding-round/)
- [Waymo / Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waymo_Ojai)
- [Waymo (official blog)](https://waymo.com/blog/2026/05/welcoming-riders-in-the-ojai/) (2026-05-28)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/07/waymo-is-rebranding-its-zeekr-robotaxi/) (2026-01-07)
- [Waymo (official blog)](https://waymo.com/blog/2021/12/expanding-our-waymo-one-fleet-with/) (2021-12-01)
- [CNBC — Waymo begins deploying next-gen Ojai robotaxis (third-party trade coverage of the launch)](https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/waymo-begins-deploying-next-gen-ojai-robotaxis-to-extend-its-us-lead.html) (2026-02-12)
- [WardsAuto — Inside the 6th-generation Waymo Driver (third-party deep-dive on the hardware suite)](https://www.wardsauto.com/news/archive-auto-waymo-6th-generation-driver-autonomous-driving-hardware-robotaxi-lidar-ai/725519/) (2024-08-29)
- [Waymo — Company website](https://waymo.com)
- [Tech Insider](https://tech-insider.org/tesla-robotaxi-dallas-houston-unsupervised-launch-2026/) (2026-04-19)
- [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-expands-robotaxi-service-orlando-tampa-ahead-earnings-2026-07-21/) (2026-07-21)
- [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-rolls-out-robotaxi-service-miami-2026-07-03/) (2026-06-01)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2026/04/18/tesla-robotaxi-launches-dallas-houston-small-geofences/) (2026-04-18)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/) (2026-05-26)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/08/tesla-robotaxi-scores-permit-to-run-ride-hailing-service-in-texas.html)
- [Bloomberg](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-28/tesla-reveals-its-texas-robotaxi-fleet-is-dwarfed-by-waymo-s)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/18/what-tesla-can-and-cant-do-in-california-with-its-new-passenger-transportation-permit/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/06/22/tesla-launches-robotaxi-rides-in-austin-with-big-promises-and-unanswered-questions/)
- [Tesla (official)](https://www.tesla.com/we-robot)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/10/tesla-reveals-20-cybercabs-at-we-robot-event/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/10/10/elon-musk-hypes-a-30000-tesla-cybercab-robovan-at-robotaxi-event.html)
- [SEC EDGAR (Tesla filing)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001318605/000162828026026551/exhibit991.htm)
- [Bloomberg](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-24/musk-says-tesla-has-begun-production-of-its-cybercab-robotaxi)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2026/04/23/tesla-cybercab-production-starts-no-nhtsa-2500-vehicle-cap/)
- [AlphaStreet (Tesla transcript)](https://news.alphastreet.com/tesla-inc-tsla-q1-2026-earnings-call-transcript/)
- [Gizmodo](https://gizmodo.com/whats-the-difference-between-teslas-cybercab-and-robotaxi-2000724073)
- [Electrek (Reuters investigation)](https://electrek.co/2026/05/28/tesla-fsd-safety-stats-misleading-reuters-investigation/)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Cybercab)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)) (2026-01-01)
- [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-14-crashes-nhtsa/) (2026-02-17)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/15/tesla-reveals-two-robotaxi-crashes-involving-teleoperators/) (2026-05-15)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2026/04/22/tesla-optimus-production-fremont-model-sx-line/) (2026-04-22)
- [Transportation & Auto News \| TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/28/waymo-dominates-texas-autonomous-vehicle-registrations-as-tesla-trails-behind/) (2026-05-29T00:14:35.000Z)
- [SEC EDGAR (Baidu 6-K, Q1 2026)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1329099/000119312526228123/d156481dex991.htm)
- [Baidu Inc. (investor relations, Q3 2025)](https://ir.baidu.com/news-releases/news-release-details/baidu-announces-third-quarter-2025-results)
- [Baidu (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/baidu-wins-china-capital-citys-first-ever-permit-to-provide-fully-driverless-ride-hailing-service-301774850.html)
- [South China Morning Post](https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3213930/robotaxis-beijing-chinas-baidu-wins-approval-offer-driverless-cab-service-yizhuang-economic)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2023/03/17/baidus-apollo-go-gets-permit-fully-driverless-rides-beijing/)
- [Baidu (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/baidu-becomes-first-in-china-to-offer-driverless-airport-rides-301910249.html)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2025/05/22/baidu-apollo-go-robotaxi-1000-milestone/)
- [Baidu (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/baidu-granted-chinas-first-ever-permits-for-commercial-fully-driverless-ride-hailing-services-301601296.html)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/baidu-greenlighted-for-chinas-first-ever-commercial-driverless-robotaxi-service-70021009)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2022/08/07/baidu-to-operate-fully-driverless-commercial-robotaxi-in-wuhan-and-chongqing/)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2024/05/15/baidu-apollo-launches-6th-gen-robotaxi/)
- [Global Times](https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202208/1272454.shtml)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/20/global-robotaxi-race-heats-up-between-us-and-chinese-rivals.html) (2025-11-20)
- [CarNewsChina](https://carnewschina.com/2024/05/15/baidu-launches-6th-generation-robotaxi-costs-less-than-a-xiaomi-su7/)
- [ADAS & Autonomous Vehicle International](https://www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com/news/robotaxis/baidu-sixth-gen-robotaxi-begins-operations-in-china.html)
- [CarNewsChina](https://carnewschina.com/2025/11/13/baidus-apollo-go-robotaxi-leads-global-autonomous-driving-with-17m-orders-targets-profit-this-year/)
- [ADAS & Autonomous Vehicle International](https://www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com/news/robotaxis/baidus-apollo-go-robotaxi-fleet-in-wuhan-goes-from-5-to-300-vehicles-in-one-year.html)
- [PR Newswire (Apollo Go / K2 AutoGo)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/baidus-apollo-go-and-k2s-autogo-commence-fully-autonomous-ride-hailing-service-on-yas-island-announce-phased-expansion-across-abu-dhabi-302663468.html)
- [Abu Dhabi Mobility (ITC, official)](https://admobility.gov.ae/en/news/autogo-and-apollo-go)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/apollo-go-launches-fully-driverless-public-robotaxi-service-in-abu-dhabi-2013256225322278912)
- [KrASIA](https://kr-asia.com/baidu-launches-fully-driverless-ride-hailing-service-in-abu-dhabi)
- [Baidu (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/baidu-launches-commercial-fully-driverless-ride-hailing-service-in-shenzhen-expanding-nationwide-operations-301853087.html)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/icv/70023075)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/icv/70031096.html)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Apollo) (2022-01-01)
- [Apollo Go (official)](https://www.apollogo.com/news/365)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2026/03/31/baidu-apollo-go-starts-driverless-commercial-operations-dubai/)
- [Baidu (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/baidus-apollo-go-enters-strategic-partnership-with-dubai-rta-to-deploy-robotaxis-in-dubai-302414511.html)
- [Gulf News](https://gulfnews.com/uae/transport/dubai-opens-first-driverless-taxi-control-centre-first-permit-issued-1.500401882)
- [Yicai Global](https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/baidus-apollo-go-to-start-robotaxi-road-tests-in-abu-dhabi-dubai)
- [Middle East AI News](https://www.middleeastainews.com/p/baidu-apollo-go-robotaxi-expands-uae)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/27/baidu-apollo-raises-1-5-billion/)
- [Baidu (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/baidu-unveils-next-gen-autonomous-vehicle-ready-to-provide-driverless-robotaxi-half-of-taxi-fares-301590644.html)
- [ChinaPEV](https://www.chinapev.com/baidu/baidu-delivers-sixth-generation-apollo-rt6-autonomous-vehicle-priced-at-rmb-204600/)
- [New Atlas](https://newatlas.com/automotive/baidu-apollo-rt6/)
- [TechNode](https://technode.com/2024/05/15/baidu-expects-robotaxi-unit-to-break-even-by-2024-profit-by-2025/)
- [Inside China Auto](https://insidechinaauto.com/2024/08/27/baidu-robotaxi-fleet-hits-seven-million-rides/)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_robotaxi) (2026-01-05)
- [SEC EDGAR (Baidu 6-K, Q3 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1329099/000119312525285391/d52736dex991.htm) (2025-11-18)
- [Yicai Global](https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/baidus-apollo-launches-worlds-first-foundation-model-supporting-l4-autonomous-driving)
- [Baidu Apollo (official)](https://apollo.auto/)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2026/01/15/baidu-apollo-go-robotaxi-operations-20-cities-china/)
- [WeRide](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-and-geely-farizon-deliver-2000-purpose-built-robotaxi) (2026-03-08)
- [WeRide (SEC 6-K)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1867729/000110465926033075/tm269345d1_ex99-2.htm) (2026-01-01)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-launches-247-fully-driverless-robotaxi-service-guangzhous)
- [ADAS & Autonomous Vehicle International](https://www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com/news/robotaxis/weride-launches-24-7-fully-driverless-robotaxi-service-in-guangzhou.html)
- [Just-Auto](https://www.just-auto.com/news/weride-robotaxi-guangzhou/)
- [WeRide](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-and-uber-deploy-1200-robotaxis-middle-east) (2026-02-06)
- [Uber (IR)](https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2025/Uber-and-WeRide-Begin-Offering-Autonomous-Robotaxi-Passenger-Rides-in-Saudi-Arabia/default.aspx)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-robotaxi-secures-autonomous-driving-permit-saudi-arabia)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-expands-saudi-arabia-launch-robotaxi-and-more-autonomous)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/icv/70038304.html)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/weride-secures-saudi-arabias-first-autonomous-driving-license-70038369)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/werides-latest-robotaxi-gxr-start-first-fully-unmanned)
- [PR Newswire](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/werides-latest-robotaxi-gxr-to-start-first-fully-unmanned-commercial-operations-in-beijing-302383318.html)
- [WeRide (SEC 6-K)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001867729/000110465926047692/tm2612365d1_ex99-2.htm) (2026-03-01)
- [Uber Newsroom](https://www.uber.com/en-AE/newsroom/launch-autonomous-dubai/)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-and-uber-launch-fully-driverless-robotaxi-fare-charging)
- [WeRide (GlobeNewswire)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/03/31/3265639/0/en/WeRide-and-Uber-Launch-Fully-Driverless-Robotaxi-Fare-Charging-Operations-in-Dubai-Accelerating-Autonomous-Mobility-in-the-Middle-East.html)
- [Uber (IR)](https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/WeRide-and-Uber-Launch-Fully-Driverless-Robotaxi-Fare-Charging-Operations-in-the-Middle-East-2026-NSiF0EFKhd/default.aspx)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70039876.html)
- [Gasgoo](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/weride-licensed-to-conduct-commercial-operation-of-fully-driverless-robotaxi-in-abu-dhabi-70039736) (2025-11-11)
- [Uber (UAE Newsroom)](https://www.uber.com/ae/en/newsroom/uber-weride-fullydriverless-abudhabi/)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/global-expansion-accelerates-landmark-uae-driverless-robotaxi)
- [The National](https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/2025/11/26/driverless-robotaxis-now-live-in-abu-dhabi/)
- [Uber (IR)](https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2024/Uber-and-WeRide-Launch-Autonomous-Mobility-Service-in-Abu-Dhabi/default.aspx)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-secures-worlds-first-city-level-fully-driverless-robotaxi)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/21/techcrunch-mobility-a-new-robotaxi-scorecard-shows-chinas-dominance/) (2024-01-01)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/06/alliance-ventures-weride-autonomous-vehicle/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/07/28/weride-series-d/)
- [WeRide](https://www.weride.ai/en/news/)
- [SEC EDGAR (WeRide 6-K)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1867729/000119312525032824/d830334dex991.htm)
- [WeRide (official)](https://www.weride.ai/posts/x2yzl48iznvts1vl4rhq1pyk)
- [WeRide (GlobeNewswire)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/03/09/3251496/0/en/weride-and-geely-farizon-to-deliver-2-000-purpose-built-robotaxi-gxrs-by-2026-advancing-large-scale-global-commercialization.html)
- [WeRide (IR)](https://ir.weride.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/weride-showcases-robotaxi-gxr-powered-nvidia-drive-hyperion)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2024/10/16/weride-unveils-robotaxi-gxr/)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/werides-robotaxi-gxr-becomes-worlds-first-robotaxi-to-adopt-nvidia-drive-thor-x-chip-2008490282893234177)
- [Automotive World](https://www.automotiveworld.com/news/weride-targets-southeast-asia-expansion-with-robotaxi-gxr/)
- [SEC EDGAR (WeRide 424B4)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1867729/000119312524243435/d343706d424b4.htm) (2024-10-24)
- [WeRide Inc. (IPO pricing press release)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/10/25/2969274/0/en/WeRide-Inc-Announces-Pricing-of-Initial-Public-Offering.html) (2024-10-25)
- [WeRide (official)](https://www.weride.ai/technology)
- [WeRide (official)](https://www.weride.ai/posts/ljxqn95uhg88cc3qam7voo52)
- [WeRide (official)](https://www.weride.ai/posts/xy6mrny7e25arjshj3jflrsc)
- [Plataforma Media](https://www.plataformamedia.com/en/2026/03/09/robosense-empowers-werides-next-gen-robotaxi-gxr-with-thousand-beam-level-digital-lidar-2000-factory-installed-units-slated-for-global-deployment/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/12/cruise-opens-robotaxi-service-in-houston/) (2023-10-12)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/26/cruise-pauses-all-driverless-robotaxi-operations-to-rebuild-public-trust/) (2023-10-26)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)) (2022-06-01)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/20/cruise-soft-launches-robotaxi-rides-in-phoenix-and-austin/) (2022-12-20)
- [FOX 7 Austin](https://www.fox7austin.com/news/no-more-cruise-robotaxis-general-motors-acquisition) (2025-02-04)
- [Dallas Innovates](https://dallasinnovates.com/gm-scraps-its-cruise-robotaxi-service-after-resuming-dallas-testing/) (2024-12-11)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/20/cruise-starts-initial-robotaxi-testing-in-miami/) (2023-07-20)
- [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/nhtsa-robotaxi-cruise-pay-penalty-failing-report-san-francisco-crash-involving-pedestrian/) (2024-11-12)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/02/cruise-gets-green-light-for-commercial-robotaxis-in-san-francisco.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/24/cruises-driverless-autonomous-cars-start-giving-rides-to-paying-passengers/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/24/dmv-immediately-suspends-cruises-robotaxi-permit-in-california/)
- [CBS San Francisco](https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/cruise-llc-driverless-robotaxis-california-dmv-suspends-permits/)
- [GM Newsroom (official)](https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/dec/1210-gm.html)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/10/gm-halts-funding-of-robotaxi-development-by-cruise.html)
- [California DMV](https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/news-and-media/dmv-statement-on-cruise-llc-suspension/) (2023-10-24)
- [Fortune](https://fortune.com/2024/12/10/general-motors-stop-funding-cruise-robotaxi-business/) (2024-12-10)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/31/gm-cruise-softbank/)
- [GM Investor Relations](https://investor.gm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gm-cruise-receives-225-billion-investment-softbank-vision-fund)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/10/03/honda-invests-750-million-in-gm-cruise/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/31/cruise-raises-1-15-billion/)
- [Microsoft Blog](https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2021/01/19/microsoft-and-gm-cruise-partner-to-accelerate-commercialization-of-self-driving-vehicles/)
- [SEC EDGAR (GM 8-K)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000119312524274336/d917047dex991.htm)
- [InsideEVs](https://insideevs.com/news/727577/gm-cruise-origin-robotaxi-dead/) (2024-07-24)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/06/gm-halts-production-of-cruise-origin-robotaxi-amid-suspended-operations/) (2023-11-06)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/23/gms-cruise-abandons-origin-robotaxi-takes-583-million-charge/) (2024-07-23)
- [ChinaTalk](https://www.chinatalk.media/p/ponyais-robotaxis-and-the-long-road) (2025-01-03)
- [Honda (global.honda newsroom)](https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2018/c181003eng.html) (2018-10-03)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/24/cpuc-pulls-cruise-robotaxi-permit-after-dmv-suspension/)
- [CalMatters](https://calmatters.org/economy/2023/10/driverless-cars-cruise-dmv/)
- [Smart Cities Dive](https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/general-motors-shuts-cruise-robotaxi-unit-mary-barra/735205/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/29/argo-ais-robotaxis-officially-available-via-lyft-in-austin/) (2022-09-29)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/ford-vw-backed-argo-ai-is-shutting-down/) (2022-10-26)
- [https://investor.lyft.com/news-events-presentations/press-releases/detail/149/](https://investor.lyft.com/news-events-presentations/press-releases/detail/149/)
- [PR Newswire](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/argo-ai-begins-driverless-vehicle-operations-in-miami--austin-301549309.html) (2022-05-17)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/15/walmart-to-launch-autonomous-delivery-service-with-ford-and-argo-ai/) (2021-09-15)
- [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2021/09/05/volkswagen-argo-ai-ready-electric-robotaxi-vans-for-german-test-fleet/) (2021-09-05)
- [MOIA](https://www.moia.io/en/news-old/volkswagen-commercial-vehicles-and-argo-ai-start-international-trials-of-autonomous-driving-moia-first-user-of-the-id-buzz-ad) (2021-09-05)
- [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2022/10/26/argo-ai-fords-self-driving-venture-with-volkswagen-is-shutting-down/) (2022-10-26)
- [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_AI)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/30/zoox-custom-robotaxis-are-finally-coming-to-san-francisco-and-las-vegas) (2024-10-30)
- [Interesting Engineering](https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/amazon-robotaxis-software-recall) (2025-12-23)
- [NHTSA (ODI)](https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2025/RCLRPT-25E037-4912.pdf)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/amazons-zoox-jumps-into-us-robotaxi-race-with-las-vegas-launch-.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/10/zoox-opens-its-las-vegas-robotaxi-service-to-the-public/)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2025/09/10/zoox-free-driverless-robotaxi-rides-general-public-vegas/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/06/amazon-zoox-recall.html)
- [Las Vegas Review-Journal](https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/traffic/zooxs-las-vegas-robotaxi-service-moved-closer-to-reality-with-federal-exemption-3410794/)
- [TechCrunch — Zoox begins LA testing (April 8, 2025)](https://techcrunch.com/)
- [LA Business Journal — Zoox LA testing coverage](https://labusinessjournal.com/)
- [Westside Current — Zoox LA testing](https://www.westsidecurrent.com/)
- [Electrive — Zoox + Uber mid-2027 LA commercial plan (March 2026)](https://www.electrive.com/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2026/03/24/amazon-zoox-robotaxi-rides-austin-miami.html) (2026-03-25)
- [Autonomous Vehicle International](https://www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com/news/robotaxis/zoox-robotaxi-starts-operations-in-san-francisco.html) (2025-02-01)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/12/16/waymo-amazon-zoox-tesla-robotaxi-expansion.html) (2025-06-01)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/12/23/zoox-issues-software-recall-over-lane-crossings/) (2025-12-23)
- [Zoox (official)](https://zoox.com/journal/zoox-robotaxi-in-san-francisco)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/11/18/zoox-to-begin-offering-robotaxi-rides-to-public-in-san-francisco/)
- [SF Examiner](https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/transit/zoox-san-francisco-free-rides-public-testing/article_c09e3ce1-2046-4617-9646-88afa665a658.html)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/zoox-offers-first-public-autonomous-rides-san-francisco/)
- [KRON4](https://www.kron4.com/news/technology-ai/zoox-robotaxi-san-francisco/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/07/16/zoox-valuation-3-billion/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/26/amazon-acquires-autonomous-vehicle-company-zoox/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/06/amazon-owned-zoox-issues-recall-following-robotaxi-crash/) (2025-05-06)
- [Zoox (official)](https://zoox.com/)
- [CNBC](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/amazons-zoox-robotaxi-san-francisco-public-rides.html) (2025-09-10)
- [Zoox (official)](https://zoox.com/vehicle/) (2020-12-14)
- [Zoox (official)](https://zoox.com/common/files/202507-zoox-vehicle-brochure-pdf.pdf)
- [Amazon (aboutamazon.com)](https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/were-acquiring-zoox-to-help-bring-their-vision-of-autonomous-ride-hailing-to-reality) (2020-06-26)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2026/03/24/zoox-expands-current-service-area-and-is-bringing-its-purpose-built-robotaxi-to-two-new-cities/)
- [Amazon Science](https://www.amazon.science/latest-news/how-the-zoox-robotaxi-predicts-everything-everywhere-all-at-once)
- [Bloomberg](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-24/amazon-s-zoox-plans-to-expand-robotaxi-rides-to-austin-miami)
- [Fortune](https://fortune.com/2025/12/08/amazon-robotaxi-service-zoox-plans-fees-vegas-san-francisco/)
- [Pony AI (investor relations)](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-kicks-fully-driverless-commercial-services-gen-7) (2025-11-06)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/11/25/chinas-pony-ai-plans-to-triple-global-robotaxi-fleet-by-the-end-of-2026/) (2025-11-25)
- [Pony.ai Investor Relations](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-and-toyota-advance-commercial-deployment-autonomous)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/05/pony-ai-puts-7th-gen-robotaxi-into-operation/)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/25/pony-ai-aims-robotaxi-fleet-3000-2026/)
- [Asia Business Daily](https://www.asiae.co.kr/en/article/2026031016534664647)
- [GlobeNewswire (Pony AI)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/02/25/3244199/0/en/PONY-AI-Inc-Robotaxis-Deliver-Strong-Chinese-New-Year-Holiday-Performance-with-Record-Paid-Orders-in-Shenzhen.html) (2026-02-25)
- [Pony.ai (GlobeNewswire)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/07/26/3122075/0/en/PONY-AI-Inc-Among-the-First-to-Receive-Permit-for-Fully-Driverless-Commercial-Robotaxi-Services-Shanghai-s-Pudong-New-Area.html)
- [Pony.ai (IR)](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-among-first-receive-permit-fully-driverless)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ponyai-launches-public-driverless-robotaxi-service-in-shanghais-pudong-district-70038463)
- [Gasgoo Auto News](https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ponyai-accelerates-gen-7-robotaxi-production-fleet-on-track-to-hit-1000-units-by-2025-70038594)
- [Pony AI (investor relations)](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-scales-160-robotaxi-revenues-growth-yoy-and-500-fare) (2026-03-26)
- [Pony.ai (IR)](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-realized-gen-7-robotaxi-city-wide-ue-breakeven-set)
- [Pony.ai (Business Wire)](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230425006213/en/Pony.ai-is-First-to-Receive-Permit-to-Provide-Public-Facing-Fully-Driverless-Robotaxi-Service-in-Guangzhou)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/04/self-driving-startup-pony-ai-raises-102-million/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/02/pony-ai-raises-462m-in-series-b-round/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/02/26/pony-ai-closes-new-funding-at-5-3b-valuation/)
- [Pony AI (investor relations)](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-unveils-seventh-generation-robotaxi-lineup-targets)
- [SEC EDGAR (Pony.ai)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465925037724/tm2512980d1_ex99-1.htm)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/pony_ai_unveils_7th_gen_self_driving_platform_plans_mass_production_this_year/)
- [Pony.ai (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ponyai-and-toyota-advance-robotaxi-commercialization-with-mass-produced-bz4x-robotaxis-302682255.html)
- [Pony.ai (GlobeNewswire)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/04/23/3066271/0/en/PONY-AI-Inc-Unveils-Seventh-Generation-Robotaxi-Lineup-Targets-Mass-Production-from-mid-2025.html)
- [ChinaEVHome](https://chinaevhome.com/2025/11/10/pony-ai-debuts-seventh-gen-robotaxi-with-1016-tops-cuts-cost-70/)
- [Fortune](https://fortune.com/2026/03/26/pony-ai-ceo-james-peng-china-robotaxi/) (2026-03-26)
- [SEC EDGAR (Pony AI 424B4)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000110465924123680/tm2310344-35_424b4.htm) (2024-11-26)
- [Pony AI (investor relations)](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-achieved-gen-7-robotaxi-ue-breakeven-shenzhen)
- [Pony AI (investor relations)](https://ir.pony.ai/news-releases/news-release-details/pony-ai-inc-announces-new-generation-autonomous-driving-domain)
- [Pony.ai (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ponyai-launches-ponyworld-2-0--a-self-improving-physical-ai-engine-for-autonomous-driving-302739012.html)
- [Aurora commercial launch Texas, April 2025](https://aurora.tech/news/aurora-achieves-commercial-launch)
- [The Verge](https://www.theverge.com/transportation/841067/aurora-autonomous-truck-chris-urmson-interview/) (2024-05-01)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/07/self-driving-startup-aurora-raises-90m-in-series-a/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/31/aurora-innovation-lands-investment-from-amazon/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/03/aurora-innovation-completes-spac-merger-begins-trading-on-nasdaq/)
- [Aurora Driver product page](https://aurora.tech/driver)
- [Fortune](https://fortune.com/2017/04/28/aurora-innovation-startup/)
- [Aurora (investor relations)](https://ir.aurora.tech/company-information/leadership-team)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/07/15/spacs-keep-rolling-as-autonomous-vehicle-startup-aurora-targets-blank-check-debut-with-13b-valuation/)
- [Aurora (investor relations)](https://ir.aurora.tech/news-events/press-releases/detail/24/reinvent-technology-partners-y-announces-shareholder-approval-of-proposed-business-combination-with-aurora)
- [SEC EDGAR](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001828108/000119312521215991/d326572dex991.htm)
- [Aurora (investor relations)](https://ir.aurora.tech/news-events/press-releases/detail/119/aurora-begins-commercial-driverless-trucking-in-texas-ushering-in-a-new-era-of-freight)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/01/aurora-launches-commercial-self-driving-truck-service-in-texas/)
- [SEC EDGAR](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001828108/000182810825000078/auroracommerciallaunchpres.htm)
- [Aurora (investor relations)](https://ir.aurora.tech/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/aurora-triples-driverless-network-to-10-routes-and-prepares-to-expand-across-u-s-sun-belt)
- [Aurora (Business Wire)](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260211346263/en/Aurora-Triples-Driverless-Network-to-10-Routes-and-Prepares-to-Expand-Across-U.S.-Sun-Belt)
- [Aurora (investor relations)](https://ir.aurora.tech/news-events/press-releases/detail/139/aurora-announces-first-quarter-2026-results)
- [Aurora (Business Wire)](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260506162229/en/Aurora-Announces-First-Quarter-2026-Results)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/05/walmart-and-wing-expand-drone-delivery-to-five-more-u-s-cities/) (2025-01-01)
- [Dallas Observer](https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/robotaxi-crashes-in-dallas-under-scrutiny-with-nhtsa-investigation-40674744/) (2026-05-12)
- [KVUE (Austin ABC)](https://www.kvue.com/article/news/local/avride-self-driving-vehicles-austin-testing-driverless-cars-autonomous-currently/269-bc74bd81-9cdb-4264-b446-d8a8d20d77b1)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/12/03/uber-and-avride-launch-robotaxi-service-in-dallas/)
- [Nebius (parent)](https://nebius.com/newsroom/avride-secures-strategic-investment-and-other-commitments-of-up-to-375-million-backed-by-uber-and-nebius)
- [Uber Investor Relations](https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2024/Uber-and-Avride-Announce-Autonomous-Delivery-and-Mobility-Partnership/default.aspx)
- [NBC DFW](https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/robotaxi-operator-under-investigation-for-crashes-in-dallas/4023503/) (2026-05-12)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/08/uber-partner-avride-is-under-investigation-for-self-driving-crashes/) (2026-05-08)
- [BusinessWire](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251203923869/en/Uber-and-Avride-Launch-Robotaxi-Rides-in-Dallas)
- [Dallas Innovates](https://dallasinnovates.com/uber-launches-robotaxi-service-in-dallas-with-monitors-behind-the-wheel-for-now/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/09/19/avride-raises-200-million-from-uber/)
- [Avride (official)](https://avride.ai/)
- [Avride](https://avride.ai)
- [TechCrunch — Yandex spinoff Nebius relaunches self-driving business as Avride](https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/22/yandex-spinoff-nebius-relaunches-self-driving-business-as-avride) (2024-10-22)
- [Newsweek](https://www.newsweek.com/bicyclist-suing-crash-delivery-robot-new-jersey-lawsuit-11952852) (2026-05-11)
- [The Next Web](https://thenextweb.com/news/avride-uber-robotaxi-crashes-nhtsa-investigation) (2026-05-08)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/05/hyundai-pairs-up-with-yandex-spinoff-avride-to-develop-robotaxis/)
- [Grubhub/Avride (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/grubhub-expands-partnership-with-avride-to-bring-autonomous-delivery-robots-to-its-marketplace-302592083.html)
- [Automotive News](https://www.autonews.com/mobility-report/yandex-autonomous-driving-technology-company-reboots-avride/)
- [May Mobility: First commercial autonomous shuttle service launches in Grand Rapids, 2019](https://maymobility.com/news/may-mobility-launches-first-commercial-service-grand-rapids/)
- [MLive: May Mobility launches autonomous shuttle in Grand Rapids, Oct 2019](https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2019/10/may-mobility-launches-driverless-shuttle-service.html)
- [City of Arlington](https://www.arlingtontx.gov/News-Articles/2025/May/Uber-May-Mobility-Team-Up-to-Launch-Autonomous-Vehicles-in-Arlington) (2025-05-01)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/10/02/may-mobility-raises-11-5m-series-a/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/22/may-mobility-raises-50-million-to-deploy-more-self-driving-shuttles/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/08/may-mobility-raises-111m-series-c/)
- [May Mobility (official)](https://maymobility.com/posts/may-mobility-now-offers-autonomous-driverless-rides-in-peachtree-corners/)
- [May Mobility](https://maymobility.com/news/may-mobility-expands-fleet-with-toyota-sienna-autonomos-shuttles)
- [May Mobility (official)](https://maymobility.com/)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Mobility)
- [EasyMile](https://easymile.com/en/news-insights/easymile-technology-powers-japan-s-first-level-4-autonomous-towing-at-narita-international-airport-2) (2025-12-15)
- [VentureBeat](https://venturebeat.com/2020/02/26/regulators-suspend-easymiles-self-driving-shuttle-trial-after-minor-accident/) (2020-02-01)
- [Sifted](https://sifted.eu/articles/easymile-e55m)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EasyMile_EZ10)
- [EasyMile autonomous shuttles](https://easymile.com/en/)
- [Volkswagen begins testing its self-driving microbuses in Los Angeles ahead of launch with Uber](https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/08/volkswagen-moia-uber-los-angeles-testing-self-driving-microbuses-id-buzz/) (2026-04-08)
- [MOIA America to deploy autonomous ID. Buzz vehicles on the Uber platform in Los Angeles by the end of 2026](https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/MOIA-America-to-deploy-autonomous-ID--Buzz-vehicles-on-the-Uber-platform-in-Los-Angeles-by-the-end-of-2026-2026-sJHS8F1vOr/default.aspx) (2026-04-08)
- [MOIA America to deploy autonomous ID. Buzz vehicles on the Uber platform in Los Angeles by the end of 2026](https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/articles/moia-america-to-deploy-autonomous-id-buzz-vehicles-on-the-uber-platform-in-los-angeles-by-the-end-of-2026-20306) (2026-04-08)
- [MOIA](https://www.moia.io/en/blog/moia-brings-autonomous-ridepooling-to-the-road-with-alike)
- [Volkswagen Group](https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/articles/federal-government-and-hamburg-put-autonomous-ridepooling-project-on-the-road-17788)
- [Hamburg Business](https://hamburg-business.com/en/news/test-of-driverless-shuttles-from-mid-2025-in-hamburg)
- [VW Group (primary)](https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/articles/moia-unveils-series-production-version-id-buzz-ad-and-turnkey-solution-for-fully-autonomous-mobility-services-19392)
- [electrive](https://www.electrive.com/2025/06/18/fully-autonomous-id-buzz-ad-from-vw-subsidiary-moia-is-now-ready-for-series-production/)
- [New Atlas](https://newatlas.com/automotive/volkswagen-moia-id-buzz/)
- [https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/highly-automated-and-autonomous-driving-19029](https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/highly-automated-and-autonomous-driving-19029)
- [https://www.moia.io/en/news/moia-unveils-series-production-version-id-buzz-ad-and-turnkey-solution-for-fully-autonomous-mobility-services](https://www.moia.io/en/news/moia-unveils-series-production-version-id-buzz-ad-and-turnkey-solution-for-fully-autonomous-mobility-services)
- [https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2025/Volkswagen-and-Uber-Launch-Long-Term-Strategic-Partnership-to-Deploy-Autonomous-ID--Buzz-Vehicles-on-the-Uber-Platform/default.aspx](https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2025/Volkswagen-and-Uber-Launch-Long-Term-Strategic-Partnership-to-Deploy-Autonomous-ID--Buzz-Vehicles-on-the-Uber-Platform/default.aspx)
- [Nuro (PR Newswire)](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nuro-goes-fully-driverless-in-three-cities-advances-capabilities-of-the-nuro-driver-302309214.html)
- [Domino's Pizza (IR)](https://dominos.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/dominosr-and-nuro-launch-autonomous-pizza-delivery-road-robot)
- [The Kroger Co. (IR)](https://ir.kroger.com/news/news-details/2019/Kroger-and-Nuro-Launch-Autonomous-Delivery-Service-in-Houston/default.aspx)
- [FreightWaves](https://www.freightwaves.com/news/fedex-rolls-out-nuro-autonomous-delivery-vehicle-in-houston)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/15/autonomous-delivery-startup-nuro-moves-into-logistics-with-fedex/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/12/dominos-nuro-to-begin-autonomous-pizza-deliveries-in-houston/)
- [ABC13 Houston](https://abc13.com/dominos-pizza-announces-autonomous-delivery-nuro-r-2-self-driving-car/10510677/) (2021-04-13)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2024/09/11/nuro-pivots-to-license-self-driving-tech-to-carmakers-mobility-companies/) (2024-09-11)
- [Nuro](https://www.nuro.ai/) (2018-01-01)
- [FedEx](https://newsroom.fedex.com/newsroom/global/nuro) (2021-06-15)
- [Walmart](https://corporate.walmart.com/news/2019/12/10/walmart-to-test-drive-autonomous-grocery-deliveries-with-nuro) (2019-12-10)
- [Nuro / GlobeNewswire (official)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/01/30/1314083/0/en/Nuro-Reveals-Self-Driving-Vehicle-Designed-to-Transform-Local-Commerce.html)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/31/nuros-self-driving-vehicle-is-a-grocery-getter-and-errand-runner/)
- [Nuro / GlobeNewswire (official)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/02/11/1716644/0/en/Nuro-Raises-Close-to-1-Billion-from-the-SoftBank-Vision-Fund-to-Transform-Local-Commerce-Through-Self-Driving.html)
- [Nuro / GlobeNewswire (official)](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/11/09/2122658/0/en/Nuro-Announces-500-Million-Financing-Round.html)
- [Nuro / Business Wire (official)](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211102005177/en/Nuro-Announces-600-Million-in-Series-D-Funding)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/02/nuro-lands-investment-from-google-tiger-global-in-new-600-million-round/)
- [Nuro](https://www.nuro.ai/blog/nuro-closes-203-million-series-e-financing-to-advance-its-ai-first-self-driving-technology-and-commercial-partnerships)
- [Electrek](https://electrek.co/2025/08/21/nuro-inc-snags-203m-funding-6-billion-valuation-nvidia/)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/nuro-closes-203m-propel-ai-first-self-driving-tech-commercial-partnerships/)
- [Nuro — Vehicle page](https://www.nuro.ai/vehicle)
- [PR Newswire](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nuro-expands-autonomous-technology-leadership-with-a-new-business-model-302244438.html) (2024-09-11)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/nuro-brings-106m-bolster-licensing-driven-business-model/)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/nuro-unveils-third-generation-autonomous-delivery-vehicle/) (2022-01-05)
- [Nuro — Company website](https://www.nuro.ai)
- [Wikipedia — Nuro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuro)
- [The Verge](https://www.theverge.com/transportation/936126/nuro-robotaxi-dave-ferguson-interview-uber-lucid-waymo) (2026-05-24T14:21:00.000Z)
- [Nuro (official)](https://www.nuro.ai/technology)
- [NVIDIA](https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/nuro-driver/)
- [Automotive Dive](https://www.automotivedive.com/news/nuro-plans-license-driver-av-autonomous-driving-technology-automotive-oems/727379/)
- [KED Global](https://www.kedglobal.com/future-mobility/newsView/ked202601120004) (2025-06-01)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/11/motional-puts-ai-at-center-of-robotaxi-reboot-as-it-targets-2026-for-driverless-service/)
- [Uber](https://www.uber.com/us/en/newsroom/motional-on-uber/)
- [The Next Web](https://thenextweb.com/news/uber-relaunches-motional-robotaxis-in-las-vegas)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/26/aptiv-and-hyundai-complete-joint-venture-agreement-for-autonomous-driving/)
- [Motional](https://motional.com/news/aptiv-hyundai-motor-group-agreement)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/31/motional-raises-258-million/)
- [Motional (official)](https://motional.com/news/ioniq-5-robotaxi-production-vehicle-tailor-made-robotaxi-service) (2022-04-21)
- [Motional (official)](https://motional.com/news/motional-and-hyundai-motor-group-unveil-ioniq-5-robotaxi) (2021-11-09)
- [Motional (official)](https://motional.com/news/motional-and-lyft-deliver-first-rides-motionals-new-all-electric-ioniq-5-autonomous-vehicle) (2022-10-17)
- [Gatik Walmart 2-year fully driverless milestone](https://gatik.ai/news/walmart-and-gatik-successfully-complete-two-years-of-fully-driverless-operations/)
- [Tracxn](https://tracxn.com/d/companies/gatik/__wxrj54QnYpZngP53T8V66C_z6Ds3_EP-5xKKXUmyc4k/funding-and-investors)
- [PepsiCo](https://www.pepsico.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2026/pepsico-and-gatik-announce-multi-year-agreement-to-deploy-autonomous-freight-in-north-america)
- [Gatik technology overview](https://gatik.ai/technology)
- [Gatik news](https://gatik.ai/news/)
- [Gatik (official)](https://gatik.ai/about/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/07/gatiks-gautam-narang-on-the-importance-of-knowing-your-customer/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/08/31/gatik-expands-autonomous-box-truck-operations-to-texas-with-85-million-in-new-funds/)
- [Gatik (official)](https://gatik.ai/news/press-releases/gatik-and-walmart-achieve-fully-driverless-deliveries-in-a-first-for-autonomous-trucking-industry-worldwide/)
- [Gatik (Business Wire)](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211108005409/en/Gatik-and-Walmart-Achieve-Fully-Driverless-Deliveries-in-a-First-for-Autonomous-Trucking-Industry-Worldwide)
- [Commercial Carrier Journal](https://www.ccjdigital.com/equipment-controls/article/15281126/walmart-takes-safety-driver-out-of-autonomous-middlemile)
- [Gatik (official)](https://gatik.ai/news/press-releases/gatik-becomes-first-us-company-to-operate-fully-driverless-trucks-at-scale-for-commercial-deliveries/)
- [PYMNTS](https://www.pymnts.com/news/delivery/2026/gatik-autonomous-trucks-complete-10000-miles-fully-driverless-deliveries/)
- [Bloomberg](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-01-27/autonomous-trucking-firm-gatik-inks-contracts-worth-600-million)
- [ACT News](https://www.act-news.com/news/first-of-its-kind-freight-only-driverless-truck/)
- [Gatik (official)](https://gatik.ai/news/press-releases/isuzu-invests-us30-million-in-gatik-to-develop-autonomous-driving-logistics-business/)
- [FreightWaves](https://www.freightwaves.com/news/gatik-fully-driverless-trucks)
- [China Daily HK](https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/636092) (2022-01-01)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2026/07/08/momenta-rises-hk-trading-debut/)
- [Balkan Green Energy News](https://balkangreenenergynews.com/verne-launches-europes-first-commercial-robotaxi-service-in-croatia/) (2026-04-08)
- [Verne](https://www.letsverne.com/news-grid/verne-launches-europe%E2%80%99s-first-commercial-robotaxi-service.)
- [AutoX: fully driverless robotaxi launch in Shenzhen](https://www.autox.ai/en/index.html)
- [Wired: AutoX launches fully driverless robotaxi in Shenzhen, Dec 2020](https://www.wired.com/story/autox-china-fully-driverless-robotaxi-shenzhen/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2021/02/25/autox-raises-160m/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2020/08/16/autox-launches-its-robotaxi-service-in-shanghai-competing-with-didis-pilot-program/)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/autox-shenzhen-robotaxi-service-opens-to-public/)
- [TechBuzz](https://www.techbuzz.ai/articles/tensor-claims-first-consumer-robocar-launch-but-it-s-really-autox)
- [CarBuzz](https://carbuzz.com/chinese-level-4-robotaxi-startup-tensor-autox/)
- [The Robot Report](https://www.therobotreport.com/rbr50-company-2021/autox/)
- [AutoX (official)](https://home.autox.ai/en/technology.html)
- [TechNode](https://technode.com/2025/12/02/didi-launches-all-day-fully-driverless-robotaxi-service-in-guangzhou/) (2025-12-02)
- [Pandaily](https://pandaily.com/didi-autonomous-driving-launches-24-7-fully-unmanned-robotaxi-trial-in-guangzhou/)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2020/11/16/didi-autonomous-driving-500-million/)
- [China EV Home](https://chinaevhome.com/2025/10/11/didi-autonomous-driving-secures-281-million-funding-l4-model-with-gac-aion-to-deliver-by-year-end/)
- [Caixin Global](https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-04-13/to-make-autonomous-driving-a-viable-business-add-robotaxis-to-ride-hailing-networks-didi-executive-says-102433616.html)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2025/12/didi-autonomous-driving-guangzhou-driverless/)
- [SEC EDGAR](https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001764757&type=6-K)
- [DiDi Global (IR)](https://ir.didiglobal.com/)
- [CnEVPost](https://cnevpost.com/2023/01/06/mobileye-begins-autonomous-driving-tests-in-germany-with-nio-es8/) (2023-01-06)
- [Mobileye](https://www.mobileye.com/news/mobileye-kicks-off-av-pilot-in-germany/)
- [BusinessWire](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210907005337/en/Mobileye-and-SIXT-Plan-New-Robotaxi-Service) (2021-09-07)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/02/intel-closes-15-3-billion-mobileye-acquisition/)
- [Intel Newsroom](https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/intel-completes-mobileye-acquisition)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/mobileye-ipo-nasdaq/)
- [Mobileye Drive product page](https://www.mobileye.com/mobileye-drive/)
- [Mobileye robotaxi launch Germany](https://investors.mobileye.com/news-releases/news-release-details/mobileye-launches-commercial-robotaxi-service-germany-sixt-and)
- [Mobileye (official)](https://www.mobileye.com/about/)
- [ISRAEL21c](https://www.israel21c.org/intel-announces-15-3-billion-buyout-of-mobileye/)
- [Fast Company](https://www.fastcompany.com/90801624/mobileye-ipo-stock-price-mbly-intel)
- [SEC EDGAR (Mobileye)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001910139/000110465922112004/tm227410-23_424b4.htm)
- [Mobileye (official)](https://www.mobileye.com/news/holon-mover-ces-mobileye-drive/)
- [Mobileye (official)](https://www.mobileye.com/news/automated-driving-volkswagen-group-intensifies-collaboration-with-mobileye/)
- [Mobileye (official)](https://www.mobileye.com/news/mobileye-to-acquire-mentee-robotics-to-accelerate-physical-ai-leadership/)
- [Mobileye (IR)](https://ir.mobileye.com/news-releases/news-release-details/mobileye-acquire-mentee-robotics-accelerate-physical-ai)
- [TechCrunch](https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/06/mobileye-acquires-humanoid-robot-startup-mentee-robotics-for-900m/)
- [Bloomberg](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-01-06/mobileye-to-buy-humanoid-robot-maker-mentee-for-900-million)
- [Times of Israel](https://www.timesofisrael.com/mobileye-buys-israeli-ai-humanoid-startup-for-900-million-in-bid-for-robotics/)
- [Globes](https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-mobileye-buys-amnon-shashuas-mentee-robotics-for-900m-1001531330)
- [CTech (Calcalist)](https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/rje08fsvzl)
- [MOIA](https://www.moia.io/en/alike)
- [Volkswagen Group (official)](https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/moia-16058)
- [MOIA (official)](https://www.moia.io/en/news-old/change-of-leadership-at-moia-sascha-meyer-succeeds-robert-henrich)
- [IVECO, Plus, dm-drogerie markt and DSV Launch Automated Trucking Pilot in Germany](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231115227186/en/IVECO-Plus-dm-drogerie-markt-and-DSV-Launch-Automated-Trucking-Pilot-in-Germany) (2023-11-15)
- [Plus Completes Successful Test of Semi-Autonomous Trucks with Partners DSV, dm-drogerie markt, and IVECO](https://plus.ai/news-and-insights/plus-completes-successful-test-of-semi-autonomous-trucks-with-partners-dsv-dm-drogerie-markt-and-iveco) (2025-05-14)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_(autonomous_trucking))
- [BusinessWire](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210331005613/en/Self-Driving-Truck-Company-Plus-Upsizes-Recent-Fundraising-to-420-Million) (2021-03-31)
- [FreightWaves](https://www.freightwaves.com/news/led-by-chinese-investors-self-driving-truck-startup-plus-raises-200m)
- [DealStreetAsia](https://www.dealstreetasia.com/stories/guotai-junan-plusai-228169)
- [Plus.ai homepage](https://plus.ai/)
- [PlusDrive product page](https://plus.ai/plusdrive)

## Common questions

### Is Waymo winning the robotaxi race?

On DEPLOY's verified record, yes, on the measures DEPLOY tracks. Waymo runs verified robotaxi service in more cities than any other operator on the record, holds the most operational deployment records, and is the only operator whose robotaxi model has reached commercial maturity across that many markets. The caveat is scope: DEPLOY's deployment record is weighted toward the United States, so Chinese operators report larger city counts than DEPLOY independently verifies. Waymo leads DEPLOY's verified coverage, which is not the same as a settled global tally.

### Where does Tesla rank in the robotaxi race?

Tesla is the fastest mover on DEPLOY's record. It stood up robotaxi service across a run of new US metros through 2025 and 2026, which puts it second on cities with a verified deployment, behind Waymo. The difference is maturity: Waymo's model is catalogued at commercial maturity while Tesla's Robotaxi model is still at pilot maturity, and parts of Tesla's service run with a human safety operator rather than fully driverless. The scorecard shows Tesla's verified city count and deployment records alongside every other operator.

### What about the Chinese robotaxi companies?

Baidu Apollo Go, WeRide, and Pony AI operate large robotaxi fleets in China and report city counts that would rival or exceed Waymo's. DEPLOY holds verified deployment records for some of these operators (Pony AI's service in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, for example) but not for the full footprint they report, because DEPLOY's deployment record is weighted toward markets it can independently verify. That is why this scorecard is scoped to verified coverage: it ranks what DEPLOY holds as dated, sourced deployment records, and it says plainly that the global picture is larger than the record.

### What happened to Cruise in the robotaxi race?

Cruise, GM's robotaxi program, once ran a commercial driverless service in San Francisco and was among the leaders. After a serious 2023 pedestrian incident and a permit suspension, GM wound the robotaxi program down, and DEPLOY catalogues its robotaxi models as discontinued. The scorecard keeps Cruise visible and flags its fleet as wound down rather than deleting it, because a program that led and then stopped is part of the honest answer to who is winning. Its dated record lives on the What happened to Cruise page, which this page links.

### How does DEPLOY decide who is winning the robotaxi race?

DEPLOY does not decide by narrative. It ranks operators on measures that are actually on the record: the number of distinct cities with a verified deployment, the number of operational deployment records, and how far each operator's robotaxi model has progressed toward commercial maturity. Every figure is a dated, sourced record in the DEPLOY registry, and the primary sort is cities on record. Where the record holds no figure for an operator on a measure, the cell is left honestly blank rather than filled with a guess. The verdict is scoped to that record, not asserted about the whole world.

## Keep reading

- [Where can you actually ride a robotaxi in 2026?](/where-can-you-ride-a-robotaxi.md): Robotaxis & delivery
- [How do delivery robots compare on specs?](/delivery-robot-specs-compared.md): Robotaxis & delivery
- [Where do delivery robots operate?](/where-do-delivery-robots-operate.md): Robotaxis & delivery
- [Are sidewalk delivery robots legal in the US?](/sidewalk-robot-laws.md): Robotaxis & delivery
- [All verified answers](/answers.md): Every standing question DEPLOY tracks.
- [What happened to Cruise?](/what-happened-to-cruise.md): The rise and wind-down of GM's robotaxi program, from the record.

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