Brain
Google DeepMind's foundational 2023 research VLA. RT-2 is a transformer VLA trained on web text and images that directly outputs robot actions. Instantiations on PaLM-E and PaLI-X. RT-2-X is a 55B-parameter variant. Chain-of-thought reasoning for long-horizon planning. Superseded by Gemini Robotics for commercial paths, but conceptually ancestral to GR00T, Helix, pi0, and the broader dual-system descendants.
Research model · Maturity: Research · Closed
Machine-readable surfaces
- Markdown mirror: /brains/rt-2.md
- RSS feed: /brains/rt-2/feed.xml
- JSON-LD: embedded in this page’s head
- REST API: /v1/brains/738c50ad-11cd-41d6-b5a4-1ac63e2acac2
- Revision history: /brains/rt-2/history
- Data documentation: /data
- Query this programmatically: Deploy MCP
Architecture
Transformer VLA trained on web text and images, directly outputs robot actions. Instantiations on PaLM-E and PaLI-X. RT-2-X is 55B parameters. Chain-of-thought reasoning for long-horizon planning. Trained on web data plus Open X-Embodiment.
Key facts
- Significance
- First-of-its-kind VLA; demonstrated VLMs can become VLAs
- Ancestry
- Conceptual ancestor of the GR00T / Helix / pi0 dual-system descendants
- Powered platforms
- Research robot platforms; not a commercial-deployment brain
- Successor
- Superseded by Gemini Robotics in DeepMind's commercial roadmap
Developed by (1)
Common questions
- What is RT-2 / RT-X?
- Google DeepMind's foundational 2023 research VLA. RT-2 is a transformer VLA trained on web text and images that directly outputs robot actions. Instantiations on PaLM-E and PaLI-X. RT-2-X is a 55B-parameter variant. Chain-of-thought reasoning for long-horizon planning. Superseded by Gemini Robotics for commercial paths, but conceptually ancestral to GR00T, Helix, pi0, and the broader dual-system descendants.
- Who developed RT-2 / RT-X?
- RT-2 / RT-X is credited to Google DeepMind on the DEPLOY registry. Each developer attribution is verified via primary sources.
- Is RT-2 / RT-X open source?
- No. RT-2 / RT-X is recorded as proprietary on the DEPLOY registry. Model weights and source are not publicly available.
- What type of AI is RT-2 / RT-X?
- RT-2 / RT-X is a research model, built on a Transformer VLA trained on web text and images, directly outputs robot actions. Instantiations on PaLM-E and PaLI-X. RT-2-X is 55B parameters. Chain-of-thought reasoning for long-horizon planning. Trained on web data plus Open X-Embodiment. architecture on the DEPLOY registry.
- What is RT-2 / RT-X's maturity stage?
- RT-2 / RT-X is at the research stage on the DEPLOY maturity ladder. Research stage means active development without commercial deployments on file.
- Which robots run on RT-2 / RT-X?
- No robot models on the DEPLOY registry are recorded as running RT-2 / RT-X. DEPLOY wires brain-to-model connections only when the wiring is verifiable from primary sources; absence may reflect pre-deployment or unverified manufacturer claims.
Sources (7)
- Google DeepMind Blog: RT-2 (primary) · https://deepmind.google/blog/rt-2-new-model-translates-vision-and-language-into-action/
- Google Blog: RT-2 coverage · https://blog.google/
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15818
- https://deepmind.google/blog/scaling-up-learning-across-many-different-robot-types/
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.08864
- https://research.google/blog/rt-1-robotics-transformer-for-real-world-control-at-scale/
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.06817
Methodology: Verified · 7 sources (no primary) · last reviewed 2026-05-31
Verification posture
Verified
Low confidence
Review state
Stable
Last reviewed 2026-05-31
Maturity + lifecycle
Maturity stage: research
Sources by quality tier
- 4
- unclassified
- Unclassified source
- 3
- preprint
- Preprint
The framework is documented at /methodology. Corrections at /corrections. Reviewer: DEPLOY editorial team.
Methodology surface for RT-2 / RT-X.Canonical ID 738c50ad-11cd-41d6-b5a4-1ac63e2acac2