Humanoid deployments

Which humanoid robots are deployed in factories?

Answered from attributed sources

Five humanoid programs are deployed or testing in factories as of the latest record: Figure at BMW, Tesla Optimus at Tesla, XPeng Iron at XPeng, Apptronik Apollo at Mercedes, and Boston Dynamics Atlas at Hyundai.

Figure AI is the furthest along as a third-party deployment: a Figure 02 humanoid completed a body-shop trial at BMW Spartanburg, and BMW is evaluating additional use cases for the newer Figure 03. Tesla Optimus and XPeng Iron are deployed at their own companies' factories. Apptronik's Apollo is in a pilot with Mercedes-Benz. Boston Dynamics' electric Atlas is in testing at Hyundai. Each deployment is attributed to its source and scoped to its status (pilot, operational, or testing), never inflated.

✓ Last verified Jun 7, 20259 sources

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Humanoid robots are moving from demos to factory floors. As of the latest record, five humanoids are deployed or testing in factories.

A Figure 02 humanoid completed a body-shop trial at BMW's Spartanburg, South Carolina plant, positioning sheet metal parts for welding and supporting the production of more than 30,000 BMW X3 vehicles per BMW's account. BMW is now evaluating additional use cases for the newer Figure 03. This is the most advanced third-party humanoid work on the record.

Tesla Optimus is working on Tesla's own production lines at Fremont and Gigafactory Texas, performing tasks including battery cell sorting and material handling. The deployment is at Tesla's own factories, not at a third-party customer.

XPeng's Iron humanoid is deployed at XPeng's Guangzhou factory in China, performing assembly line tasks. Like Tesla, this is at the company's own factory.

Apptronik's Apollo is in a pilot deployment with Mercedes-Benz, performing manufacturing tasks including inspection and material handling. Apptronik also has a partnership with NASA.

Boston Dynamics' all-electric Atlas, revealed in April 2024, is in testing at Hyundai Motor Group manufacturing facilities. Hyundai owns Boston Dynamics and has stated it intends to deploy Atlas in its factories.

Every deployment on this page is attributed to its source (company announcements, press reports) and scoped to its status. A pilot is not a full deployment, and testing is not a pilot. DEPLOY does not inflate the status.

The factory deployment ledger

Each row is a humanoid robot deployment in a factory, attributed to its source and scoped to its status (pilot, operational, or testing). Five humanoids are deployed or testing in factories as of the latest record.

Humanoid robots deployed in factories, attributed and scoped

Calvin-40 (Wandercraft): A single Calvin-40 humanoid handles tires in the wheel workshop at Renault's Douai plant in France.
Renault Group co-developed Calvin-40 with Wandercraft, took a minority stake in the company in June 2025, and is its first commercial customer. One unit works in the wheel workshop at the Douai ElectriCity site, moving tires for the Renault 5 E-Tech. Renault describes the unit as being tested. Wandercraft and Renault state a carrying capability of 40 to 50 kg, while the two-tire task publicly described is reported at about 30 kg. Renault's stated roadmap is roughly ten robots by the end of 2026 and 350 across French and Spanish plants by the end of 2027; those are targets, not installed units.
From Renault Group and Wandercraft
Jun 7, 2025 (as reported)
Renault ElectriCity, Douai, France
Renault Group The Robot Report Wandercraft
Figure 02 (Figure 03 under evaluation) (Figure AI): A Figure 02 humanoid completed a body-shop trial at BMW's Spartanburg, South Carolina plant.
A Figure 02 humanoid ran a body-shop trial at BMW's Spartanburg plant, positioning sheet metal parts for welding, supporting the production of more than 30,000 BMW X3 vehicles per BMW's account. BMW says it is now evaluating additional use cases for the newer Figure 03. The robot performed a specific manufacturing task, not autonomous operation across the full plant.
From BMW statement
Jan 1, 2025 (as reported)
BMW Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
BMW Group BMW Group
Apptronik Apollo (Apptronik): Apptronik's Apollo humanoid is in a pilot deployment with Mercedes-Benz.
Apptronik, the Austin-based humanoid startup, has a pilot deployment of the Apollo humanoid at Mercedes-Benz facilities. The pilot involves Apollo performing manufacturing tasks including inspection and material handling. Apptronik also has a partnership with NASA for the Apollo program.
From company announcement
Dec 15, 2024 (as reported)
Mercedes-Benz (pilot location, attributed)
Apptronik2024-12-15
XPeng Iron (XPeng): XPeng's Iron humanoid is deployed at the XPeng factory in Guangzhou, China.
XPeng Motors has deployed its Iron humanoid robot at its Guangzhou factory, performing assembly line tasks. XPeng announced the Iron humanoid as part of its robotics program and has shown it working on the production line. The deployment is at XPeng's own factory, not at a third-party customer.
From company announcement
Nov 12, 2024 (as reported)
XPeng Guangzhou, China
Reuters2024-11-12
Tesla Optimus (Tesla): Tesla Optimus prototypes are working on the production line at Fremont and Gigafactory Texas.
Tesla has deployed Optimus prototypes on its own factory lines at the Fremont plant and Gigafactory Texas, performing tasks including battery cell sorting and material handling. Elon Musk has stated the robots are performing useful work and that Tesla plans to scale Optimus production. The deployment is at Tesla's own factories, not at a third-party customer.
From company statements
Oct 10, 2024 (as reported)
Tesla Fremont, California and Gigafactory Texas
Tesla2024-10-10
Boston Dynamics Atlas (electric) (Boston Dynamics): Boston Dynamics' electric Atlas is in testing at Hyundai Motor Group manufacturing facilities.
Boston Dynamics, now owned by Hyundai Motor Group, is testing the electric Atlas humanoid at Hyundai manufacturing facilities. The all-electric Atlas, revealed in April 2024, replaces the hydraulic version. Hyundai has stated it intends to deploy Atlas in its factories, and testing is underway. The deployment is at an internal Hyundai facility, not a third-party customer.
From company announcement
Apr 17, 2024 (as reported)
Hyundai Motor Group facilities (testing)
Boston Dynamics2024-04-17

How we know this

Every deployment on this page is attributed to its source: company announcements from Figure AI, Tesla, XPeng, Apptronik, and Boston Dynamics, plus press reports from Reuters and other outlets. Here are the sources behind them.

Renault Group The Robot Report Wandercraft BMW Group BMW Group Apptronik2024-12-15 Reuters2024-11-12 Tesla2024-10-10 Boston Dynamics2024-04-17

These are attributed deployment records, not DEPLOY assertions of a universal deployment count. A pilot is not a full deployment, and testing is not a pilot. DEPLOY does not inflate the status.

Common questions

Are humanoid robots working in factories?

Yes. A Figure 02 humanoid completed a body-shop trial at BMW Spartanburg (with Figure 03 under evaluation), Tesla Optimus works at Tesla's own factories, XPeng Iron at XPeng's Guangzhou plant, Apptronik Apollo at Mercedes (pilot), and Boston Dynamics Atlas at Hyundai (testing). The deployments are real but at different stages: Figure at BMW is the furthest along as third-party factory work, while the others are at earlier stages or at their own companies' factories.

Is Tesla Optimus working in a factory?

Yes, Tesla has deployed Optimus prototypes on its own factory lines at Fremont and Gigafactory Texas, performing tasks including battery cell sorting and material handling. The deployment is at Tesla's own factories, not at a third-party customer. Elon Musk has stated the robots are performing useful work and plans to scale Optimus production.

Is Figure AI at BMW?

Yes. A Figure 02 humanoid completed a body-shop trial at BMW's Spartanburg, South Carolina plant, positioning sheet metal parts for welding, and BMW is evaluating additional use cases for the newer Figure 03. This is attributed to BMW's own account.

How many humanoid robots are in factories?

The exact count of units deployed is not fully disclosed by each company. The record tracks five distinct humanoid-robot factory programs: Figure at BMW, Tesla Optimus at Tesla, XPeng Iron at XPeng, Apptronik Apollo at Mercedes, and Boston Dynamics Atlas at Hyundai. The number of units per program varies and is attributed to each company's own reporting, not an audited count.

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