Deployment
Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) at San Francisco
Cruise's driverless robotaxi, based on the Chevrolet Bolt EV, which operated without a human safety driver in San Francisco commercial service from 2023 until driverless operations ended after the October 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident. (Cruise also developed the purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Origin, which was shelved.) In December 2024 GM defunded the Cruise robotaxi business, consolidated the unit in-house, and redirected the autonomous technology toward personal-vehicle advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) rather than robotaxis (GM SEC 8-K, December 2024). Classified research to reflect that current direction; the commercial-era San Francisco deployment records preserve the historical service state.
Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) by Cruise · Operated by Cruise · Machine verified
Machine-readable surfaces
- Markdown mirror: /deployments/cruise-sf.md
- JSON-LD: embedded in this page’s head
- REST API: /v1/robots/8cc5494e-c5c6-401a-b67f-b5fd7338e8af
- Data documentation: /data
- Query this programmatically: Deploy MCP
Cruise ran paid driverless robotaxi service in San Francisco, with 24/7 operations approved in August 2023. After the October 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident, the California DMV suspended Cruise's deployment and driverless testing permits effective October 24, 2023. Cruise paused nationwide and never resumed paid service; GM ended funding for the robotaxi business in December 2024. The pilot did not convert to a sustained commercial deployment.
Key facts
- Operator
- Cruise (GM subsidiary)
- Fleet
- Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) driverless vehicles
- Coverage
- San Francisco
- Start
- First driverless ride Nov 2021; open to public Feb 2022
- Status
- Ended after Oct 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident
- Regulatory
- Operated under CPUC driverless deployment permit; CA DMV suspended driverless permits, CPUC suspended testing permit
- Technology
- Driverless (no safety driver) commercial robotaxi service
Exposure
- Customer segment
- consumer
- Scale tier
- undisclosed
Each exposure value carries its own basis marker. Aggregators report a number; this surface preserves the source class so verification depth travels with the value.
Safety record
1 incident on record (1 critical). Most recent: Oct 2023.
- critical
- 1
Most recent: Oct 2023
Only active incidents are counted. Retracted incidents are excluded from this summary but remain reachable at their canonical URLs.
Incidents on record (1)
- Cruise driverless robotaxi dragged a pedestrian ~20 feet in San Francisco2023-10-02 · Injury
Direct incidents recorded against this deployment. Retracted incidents are excluded here but remain reachable at their canonical URLs.
- Trust tier
- Machine verifiedhow tiers work →
- Last updated
- 2026-07-10
- Company
- Cruise
- Location
- United States/California/San Francisco
- Operator
- Cruise
- Status
- ended
- Operator type
- maker operated
- First seen
- 2021-11-01
- ID
8cc5494e-c5c6-401a-b67f-b5fd7338e8af
Timeline
- Nov 2021First recordedCruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) first documented operating at San Francisco.
- May 2026created
- Jul 2026Current status: ended, reviewedLatest recorded state. New status transitions append here as the deployment-status recorder produces them.
On the deployment map
Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) operates in San Francisco. Explore the full verified map:
Verifications (1)
- Machine verified by DEPLOY content-agent (Sprint 1.5 re-verification)2026-05-30
Evidence: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000119312524274336/d917047dex991.htm (SEC filing)
- asOf
- 2026-05-30
- basis
- Cruise SF robotaxi service ENDED: driverless operations halted after the Oct 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident; GM defunded the Cruise robotaxi business Dec 2024 (SEC 8-K). Confirms existing ended status (historical, preserved per the active/retired split rule).
- status
- ended
Sources (11)
- Cruise: Sept 2021 CA DMV driverless permit, Nov 2021 first ride, Feb 2022 public, Oct 2023 suspension · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle) · 2026-01-01
- CBS: DMV suspended permits; Cruise pulled cars nationwide · https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/nhtsa-robotaxi-cruise-pay-penalty-failing-report-san-francisco-crash-involving-pedestrian/ · 2024-11-12
- https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/02/cruise-gets-green-light-for-commercial-robotaxis-in-san-francisco.html
- https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/24/cruises-driverless-autonomous-cars-start-giving-rides-to-paying-passengers/
- https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/news-and-updates/all-news/cpuc-approves-permits-for-cruise-and-waymo-to-charge-fares-for-passenger-service-in-sf-2023
- https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/24/dmv-immediately-suspends-cruises-robotaxi-permit-in-california/
- https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/cruise-llc-driverless-robotaxis-california-dmv-suspends-permits/
- https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/dec/1210-gm.html
- https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/10/gm-halts-funding-of-robotaxi-development-by-cruise.html
- DMV statement on Cruise LLC suspension · https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/news-and-media/dmv-statement-on-cruise-llc-suspension/ · 2023-10-24
- GM to stop funding its Cruise robotaxi business · https://fortune.com/2024/12/10/general-motors-stop-funding-cruise-robotaxi-business/ · 2024-12-10
Methodology: Verified · 11 sources (2 primary) · last reviewed 2026-07-10
Verification posture
Verified
High confidence
Review state
Stable
Last reviewed 2026-07-10
Maturity + lifecycle
Maturity stage: commercial
Lifecycle: discontinued
Architectural position
Cohort: av
Sources by quality tier
- 4
- unclassified
- Unclassified source
- 2
- secondary-established-publication
- Established publication
- 2
- secondary-industry-publication
- Industry publication
- 1
- knowledge-base
- Knowledge base
- 1
- primary-company-ir
- Company IR disclosure
- 1
- primary-regulatory-filing
- Regulatory filing
The framework is documented at /methodology. Corrections at /corrections. Reviewer: DEPLOY editorial team.
Methodology surface for Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) at San Francisco.Common questions
- What is the Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) deployment at San Francisco?
- Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt), built by Cruise, is recorded as a deployment at San Francisco on the DEPLOY registry. Cruise operates the deployment directly.
- Who operates Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) at San Francisco?
- Cruise, the manufacturer of Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt), operates this deployment directly. This is a maker-deploys-its-own-product arrangement rather than a customer pilot.
- When did the Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) deployment at San Francisco go live?
- The deployment is recorded as starting November 1, 2021 on the DEPLOY registry. Earlier activity may exist but is not yet sourced.
- Is the Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) deployment at San Francisco still active?
- As of the most recent verification on the DEPLOY registry, this deployment is no longer operating at this location.
- Have there been incidents at the Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) deployment at San Francisco?
- 1 active incident affecting this deployment is on the DEPLOY registry. Each is a sourced, append-only record; retracted incidents are suppressed from this view.
- Is Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) at San Francisco safe?
- Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) at San Francisco has 1 active incident on record in the DEPLOY registry. 1 incident on record (1 critical). Most recent: Oct 2023. Retracted incidents are excluded from this count.
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