Is REV-1 actually deployed in the real world?

Yes. REV-1 is independently verified in real-world operation on the DEPLOY registry, confirmed at named deployment sites with primary sources: not a concept, render, or demo-only.

What are the specs of REV-1?

REV-1's recorded specifications on the DEPLOY registry: Runtime: 7 h; Max speed: 15 mph; Weight: 45 kg; Payload: 22.7 kg. See the Specs section for the full sourced set.

REV-1 is made by Refraction AI, based in Ann Arbor, MI, USA, founded in 2019.

Where is REV-1 deployed?

1 verified deployment of REV-1 is on the DEPLOY registry, including at Ann Arbor.

REV-1 is in pilot deployments with named customers and is not yet broadly for sale.

What are alternatives to REV-1?

On the DEPLOY registry, comparable sidewalk robots to REV-1 include Coco Bot, Dax ADA, Serve Gen 3, Starship Bot.

How does REV-1 compare to Coco Bot?

REV-1 and Coco Bot (Coco Robotics · 8 deployments) are both sidewalk robots on the DEPLOY registry. REV-1 has 1 verified deployment on record. Compare both records for specs, safety, deployments, and verified-vs-claimed autonomy.

Is REV-1 a top sidewalk?

On DEPLOY's intelligence score, which blends verified deployments, safety, adoption, media, and IP signals, REV-1 ranks in roughly the top 85% of sidewalk models tracked by the registry.

What is REV-1's maturity stage?

REV-1 is at the pilot stage on the DEPLOY maturity ladder (research, prototype, pilot, commercial, production). Pilot stage means at least one named-customer trial deployment is verified.

REV-1 has no incidents on record in the DEPLOY registry. This does not constitute a safety guarantee; it reflects the incidents DEPLOY has tracked and verified to date.

Robot model

REV-1

Refraction AI (founded 2017 in Ann Arbor, Michigan by University of Michigan professors Matthew Johnson-Roberson and Ram Vasudevan; about $4.2 million seed…

Manufacturer: Refraction AI
Form factor: sidewalk
Maturity: pilot
Lifecycle: active
Deployments: 1

Appears inLogistics robots

Overview

Refraction AI (founded 2017 in Ann Arbor, Michigan by University of Michigan professors Matthew Johnson-Roberson and Ram Vasudevan; about $4.2 million seed raised in 2021; now led by CEO Luke Schneider with teams in Ann Arbor and Austin, Texas) makes the REV-1, a distinctive three-wheeled delivery vehicle sized between a sidewalk bot and a car. The REV-1 travels up to 15 miles per hour with about a 280-pound payload and is designed for winter and snow and bicycle-courier-style operation, running primarily in the bike lane or road margin while able to use sidewalks where permitted, a regulatory regime between a sidewalk personal delivery device and a road autonomous vehicle. A critical current-state correction: the dispatch flagged a possible wind-down or acquisition, but Refraction is verified still operating through 2024 to 2026, with the Osage Venture Partners exited label being a venture-portfolio markdown rather than a confirmed acquisition or shutdown, and counter-evidence including a new CEO, an Austin office, Chick-fil-A as a marquee client, and an active 2026 company profile, so it is not tagged discontinued. The registry records it at pilot maturity, since it is a roughly 21-person company with a named client and multi-city presence but no independently verified scale figures. It runs a robots-as-a-service model where customers subscribe to dedicated brand-customizable robots. Any lifetime delivery count, fleet size, revenue, or live-market count is unverified, the claim that the REV-1 is discontinued in favor of a REF-1 is a likely misread of source language describing a second generation of the same design, and the precise nature of the Osage exit is unconfirmed.

Verified vs. claimed

Maturity stage: pilot(Small-scale deployment in controlled or trial conditions.)
Verified deployments: 1 deployment on file
Sources on file: 6 sources, view all

Key facts

Operating speed

up to 15 mph

Payload

~280 lb / 127 kg (~16 cu ft, ~4-5 grocery bags)

Weight

~80 lb vehicle weight

Stopping distance

5-ft stopping distance

Drive type

three-wheeled delivery vehicle

Specs

Notes

Verified: Refraction AI (founded 2017, Ann Arbor; U-Michigan professor founders) makes the REV-1, a larger sidewalk/bike-lane delivery vehicle. CEO Luke Schneider (since ~2023); ~21 employees; Austin TX product-development office; Chick-fil-A marquee client. RaaS model (customers subscribe to dedicated, brand-customizable robots)., CORRECTION (shutdown REFUTED): The dispatch flagged a possible wind-down/acquisition. VERIFIED still operating (2024-2026): the Osage Venture Partners 'Exited' label is a VC-portfolio markdown, NOT a confirmed acquisition or shutdown (no acquirer/date/terms). Counter-evidence: new CEO, Austin office, Chick-fil-A, active 2026 profile. Do NOT tag discontinued. maturity=PILOT (lean)., Form-factor / regime note: REV-1 operates PRIMARILY in the bike-lane / road-margin (can use sidewalks where permitted), a distinct regulatory regime between a sidewalk PDD and a road AV. Recorded under form_factor=sidewalk (the low-speed-PDD bucket) with this bike-lane regime noted, rather than creating a single-instance form_factor., Claimed but NOT verified (cap-flag): Any lifetime delivery count, current fleet size, revenue, or live-market count (none independently verified - a ~21-person company). The search-summary claim that REV-1 is 'discontinued in favor of REF-1' is a likely misread (the source says 'generation 2 of the initial design' = evolution, not discontinuation). The precise nature of the Osage 'exit' is unconfirmed., Source/methodology (Phase 1A, 2026-06-04): CAP-FLAG: Refraction AI's official site (refraction.ai) is DEFUNCT - all paths return HTTP 404, consistent with the company's exited status (Jan 2026). No live maker-official or operator-official source exists; the primary substrate is an archived Wayback snapshot of the official homepage. The REV-1 record's verified claims rest on secondary press + this archived official artifact.

Specs

REV-1: three-wheeled delivery vehicle sized between a sidewalk bot and a car; up to 15 mph, ~80 lb vehicle weight, ~280 lb / 127 kg payload (~16 cu ft, ~4-5 grocery bags), 5-ft stopping distance; designed for winter/snow + bicycle-courier-style operation. Founded 2017, Ann Arbor MI (U-Michigan professors Matthew Johnson-Roberson + Ram Vasudevan); $4.2M seed (2021); CEO Luke Schneider; Ann Arbor + Austin TX.

Runtime

7 h

Max speed

15 mph

Weight kg

Form Factor

sidewalk (low-speed delivery PDD; REV-1 operates primarily in the BIKE-LANE / road-margin, a distinct regime between sidewalk bot and car)

Payload kg

22.7

Data & sources

News coverage

Web sources

6 sources backing this record.View all →

Availability and pricing

Availability: Not sold (internal use)
Price: Not publicly disclosed
Units in field: Not disclosed
Sales model: Not disclosed
Lead time: Not disclosed

Pricing

No verified price is on record for REV-1. Physical-AI systems are often sold through enterprise contracts or operated as a service rather than at a public list price.

How DEPLOY tracks pricing

Deployments (1)

REV-1 at Ann Arboroperational
Refraction AI deployed its REV-1 sidewalk robot for autonomous last-mile delivery in Ann Arbor, with the service launching in 2020.

REV-1 on the deployment map

Where REV-1 is verified operating. Explore the deployment map by place and type.

Recent activity

Every change to this record is dated, sourced, and independently verified where marked.

Verified media addedVerifiedJun 5, 2026
Refraction AI REV-1 delivery robot
Record createdJun 3, 2026
Added to the verified registry
Deployment verifiedVerifiedFeb 1, 2020
at Ann Arbor

Full change history →

Deployment-verified media (1)

PRIMARY SOURCE

Courtesy of Refraction AI

Refraction AI's introduction of its REV-1, a three-wheeled delivery robot. The REV-1 is a bike-lane and road-class vehicle, larger than a sidewalk robot, operated in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

From deployment: Ann Arbor

Safety record

No incidents on record for REV-1.

Only active incidents are counted. Retracted incidents are excluded from this summary but remain reachable at their canonical URLs.

Sources (6)

Compare REV-1

Common questions

What is REV-1?: Refraction AI (founded 2017 in Ann Arbor, Michigan by University of Michigan professors Matthew Johnson-Roberson and Ram Vasudevan; about $4.2 million seed raised in 2021; now led by CEO Luke Schneider with teams in Ann Arbor and Austin, Texas) makes the REV-1, a distinctive three-wheeled delivery vehicle sized between a sidewalk bot and a car. The REV-1 travels up to 15 miles per hour with about a 280-pound payload and is designed for winter and snow and bicycle-courier-style operation, running primarily in the bike lane or road margin while able to use sidewalks where permitted, a regulatory regime between a sidewalk personal delivery device and a road autonomous vehicle. A critical current-state correction: the dispatch flagged a possible wind-down or acquisition, but Refraction is verified still operating through 2024 to 2026, with the Osage Venture Partners exited label being a venture-portfolio markdown rather than a confirmed acquisition or shutdown, and counter-evidence including a new CEO, an Austin office, Chick-fil-A as a marquee client, and an active 2026 company profile, so it is not tagged discontinued. The registry records it at pilot maturity, since it is a roughly 21-person company with a named client and multi-city presence but no independently verified scale figures. It runs a robots-as-a-service model where customers subscribe to dedicated brand-customizable robots. Any lifetime delivery count, fleet size, revenue, or live-market count is unverified, the claim that the REV-1 is discontinued in favor of a REF-1 is a likely misread of source language describing a second generation of the same design, and the precise nature of the Osage exit is unconfirmed.
How much does REV-1 cost?: REV-1's price is not publicly disclosed. DEPLOY has no verified price on record for REV-1 from Refraction AI. Physical-AI systems like this are often sold through enterprise contracts or operated as a service rather than at a public list price; check the manufacturer for the latest.
Is REV-1 actually deployed in the real world?: Yes. REV-1 is independently verified in real-world operation on the DEPLOY registry, confirmed at named deployment sites with primary sources: not a concept, render, or demo-only.
What are the specs of REV-1?: REV-1's recorded specifications on the DEPLOY registry: Runtime: 7 h; Max speed: 15 mph; Weight: 45 kg; Payload: 22.7 kg. See the Specs section for the full sourced set.
Who makes REV-1?: REV-1 is made by Refraction AI, based in Ann Arbor, MI, USA, founded in 2019.
Where is REV-1 deployed?: 1 verified deployment of REV-1 is on the DEPLOY registry, including at Ann Arbor.
Can you buy REV-1?: REV-1 is in pilot deployments with named customers and is not yet broadly for sale.
What are alternatives to REV-1?: On the DEPLOY registry, comparable sidewalk robots to REV-1 include Coco Bot, Dax ADA, Serve Gen 3, Starship Bot.
How does REV-1 compare to Coco Bot?: REV-1 and Coco Bot (Coco Robotics · 8 deployments) are both sidewalk robots on the DEPLOY registry. REV-1 has 1 verified deployment on record. Compare both records for specs, safety, deployments, and verified-vs-claimed autonomy.
Is REV-1 a top sidewalk?: On DEPLOY's intelligence score, which blends verified deployments, safety, adoption, media, and IP signals, REV-1 ranks in roughly the top 85% of sidewalk models tracked by the registry.
What is REV-1's maturity stage?: REV-1 is at the pilot stage on the DEPLOY maturity ladder (research, prototype, pilot, commercial, production). Pilot stage means at least one named-customer trial deployment is verified.
Is REV-1 safe?: REV-1 has no incidents on record in the DEPLOY registry. This does not constitute a safety guarantee; it reflects the incidents DEPLOY has tracked and verified to date.

Methodology: Verified · 6 sources (no primary) · last reviewed 2026-07-15

Verification posture

Verified

Low confidence

Review state

Stable

Last reviewed 2026-07-15

Maturity + lifecycle

Maturity stage: pilot

Lifecycle: active

Architectural position

Cohort: sidewalk

Sources by quality tier

5: unclassified; Unclassified source
1: secondary-trade-publication; Trade publication

The framework is documented at /methodology. Corrections at /corrections. Reviewer: DEPLOY editorial team.

Recent coverage

REV-1 in third-party press

Refraction AI raises $4.2M for delivery robots

Jan 1, 2020

REV-1

Overview

Key facts

Specs

Data & sources

Availability and pricing

Pricing

Deployments (1)

REV-1 on the deployment map

Recent activity

Deployment-verified media (1)

Safety record

Sources (6)

Compare REV-1

Common questions

Recent coverage

In the press

Refraction AI raises $4.2M for delivery robots

Machine-readable surfaces

Video

REV-1

Overview

Key facts

Specs

Data & sources

Availability and pricing

Pricing

Deployments (1)

REV-1 on the deployment map

Recent activity

Deployment-verified media (1)

Safety record

Sources (6)

Compare REV-1

Common questions

Recent coverage

Related sidewalk

In the press

Refraction AI raises $4.2M for delivery robots

Machine-readable surfaces

Video