Company
Cruise
Autonomous vehicle company founded 2013, acquired by General Motors in 2016; operated as a largely autonomous GM subsidiary building driverless robotaxis.
- Founded
- 2013
- HQ
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Status
- GM subsidiary (robotaxi ops wound down Dec 2024)
- Models
- 2
- Deployments
- 1
Verified profile
10
Sources on record
1
Tracked changes
Updated 1 month ago
Last verified change
Overview
Autonomous vehicle company founded 2013, acquired by General Motors in 2016; operated as a largely autonomous GM subsidiary building driverless robotaxis. Launched driverless (no safety driver) taxi service in San Francisco (first driverless ride Nov 2021; open to public Feb 2022). Following the Oct 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident and subsequent regulatory fallout, suspended all operations Oct 2023; CEO/co-founder Kyle Vogt resigned Nov 2023. Began returning vehicles to public roads (with human safety drivers) May 2024. In December 2024, GM stopped funding Cruise's robotaxi business, folding the autonomous-driving work into driver-assistance systems for personal GM vehicles. The driverless-robotaxi business is effectively ended.
Verified record
- Verified deployments
- 1 deployment on file
- Active incidents
- 12 incidents on file
DEPLOY Intelligence
Market intelligence for physical AI
Analyst-grade signals, competitive tracking, and investment context across the global physical AI landscape. Launching 2026.
Models (2)
View all models →Current platform
Cruise Origin
The Cruise Origin was GM Cruise's purpose-built driverless shuttle pod (no steering wheel or pedals, bench seating); production was paused in late 2023 amid Cruise's robotaxi suspension and the Origin program was subsequently discontinued as GM refocused Cruise on personal-vehicle driver-assist.
Retired
Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt)
Cruise's driverless robotaxi, based on the Chevrolet Bolt EV, which operated without a human safety driver in San Francisco commercial service from 2023 until driverless operations ended after the October 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident. (Cruise also developed the purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Origin, which was shelved.) In December 2024 GM defunded the Cruise robotaxi business, consolidated the unit in-house, and redirected the autonomous technology toward personal-vehicle advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) rather than robotaxis (GM SEC 8-K, December 2024). Classified research to reflect that current direction; the commercial-era San Francisco deployment records preserve the historical service state.
Compare & explore
Deep analysis from DEPLOY
Relationships
Founders (2)
- Kyle Vogtcofounderfounded 2013-01-01no longer at company
- Daniel Kancofounderfounded 2013-01-01no longer at company
Former / Previously (10)
- Mohi Khansari Technical Lead (motion planning / robot learning)secondary-verified
- Rob Flenniken AV fleet softwaresecondary-verified
- Dennis Jackson Embedded AV software leadsecondary-verified
- Kyle Vogt Founder & former CEOsecondary-verified
- Daniel Kan Co-founder & former CPOsecondary-verified
- Marc Whitten CEO (2024-2025)secondary-verified
- Mo Elshenawy President & CTO (former)secondary-verified
- Liu Xianming Researcher (former)reported, not verified
- Kyle Vogt Co-Founder, CEO2013 to 2023secondary-verified
- Daniel Kan Co-Founder, CPO2013 to 2023secondary-verified
Safety record
7 recalls and 5 incidents on record (2 critical, 3 serious, 4 moderate). Most recent: Nov 2024.
Most recent: Nov 2024
Only active incidents are counted. Retracted incidents are excluded from this summary but remain reachable at their canonical URLs.
Incidents affecting Cruise (12)
- Cruise admits a false report to a federal investigation; $500K DOJ deferred-prosecution agreement2024-11-14 · Regulatory action
- NHTSA fines Cruise $1.5M for failing to fully report the Oct 2023 pedestrian-dragging crash2024-09-30 · Regulatory action
- Cruise recalls its entire 1,194-vehicle fleet over unexpected hard braking2024-08-22 · Recall
- Software May Cause Unexpected Braking2024-08-09 · Recall
- ADS Software May Improperly Respond After a Crash2023-11-07 · Recall
- California DMV suspends Cruise's driverless deployment and testing permits as not safe for public operation2023-10-24 · Regulatory action
- Cruise driverless robotaxi dragged a pedestrian ~20 feet in San Francisco2023-10-02 · Injury
- ADS Software Error May Cause Crash2023-04-03 · Recall
Includes incidents linked directly to this company, to its models, or to deployments of its models or under its operation. Retracted incidents are excluded from this view but remain reachable at their canonical URLs.
Operated deployments (1)
- Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt)San Francisco
Operator customers (1)
- Cruise1 deployment
Recent coverage
Cruise in third-party press
Toyota’s electric SUV clears 17,500 sales, outpacing the Land Cruiser and key EV rivals
Tenways Wayfarer cruiser e-bike bundle at new $1,649 low ($827 off), Jackery July 4th power station sale, Aiper, Greenworks, more
Here Is How Russia’s Skyfall Nuclear-Powered Cruise Missile Actually Works
Peer companies
Financial state
- Reporting basis
- private_reported
- Lifecycle stage
- wound_down
- Counterparty risk class
- high
Each numeric field carries its own basis marker. Aggregators report a number; this surface preserves the source class so verification depth travels with the value.
Funding rounds (4)
- Microsoft Strategic Investment2021-01-19
$2.0B(reported)
Investors: Microsoft (strategic) (lead)
- Series D2019-01-31
$1.1B(reported)
Investors: T. Rowe Price (lead), SoftBank Vision Fund, Honda Motor Co. (strategic), Baillie Gifford, D1 Capital Partners
- Honda Strategic Investment2018-10-03
$750M(reported)
Investors: Honda Motor Co. (strategic) (lead)
- SoftBank Strategic Investment2018-05-31
$2.3B(reported)
Investors: SoftBank Vision Fund (lead)
Regulatory filings (4)
- CPUC Phase I Driverless Deployment AL No.1other · otherclosed
- nhtsa_investigationnhtsa investigation · us_nhtsaclosed2024-09-30
Linked models: Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt)
- 24E-067nhtsa recall · us_nhtsarecalled2024-08-09
Linked models: Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt)
- FMVSS exemption petition (Origin)other · us_nhtsapending2022-02-17
Acquisitions (1)
- acquired by General Motorsfull acquisition
Sources (10)
- Cruise — history, GM acquisition, Oct 2023 suspension, Dec 2024 GM defunding · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle) · 2026-01-01
- CBS — Cruise suspended operations after Oct 2 2023 pedestrian accident · https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/nhtsa-robotaxi-cruise-pay-penalty-failing-report-san-francisco-crash-involving-pedestrian/ · 2024-11-12
- GM axed Cruise funding Dec 2024 after major accident · https://www.chinatalk.media/p/ponyais-robotaxis-and-the-long-road · 2025-01-03
- GM press release (8-K Exhibit 99.1, Dec 10 2024): GM will no longer fund Cruise robotaxi development; combine Cruise + GM technical teams; >US$1B annual spending reduction · https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000119312524274336/d917047dex991.htm · 2024-12-10
- Honda joins Cruise and GM: US$2.75B total commitment (US$750M equity investment + ~US$2B over 12 years) · https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2018/c181003eng.html · 2018-10-03
- https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/24/cpuc-pulls-cruise-robotaxi-permit-after-dmv-suspension/
- https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/news-and-media/dmv-statement-on-cruise-llc-suspension/
- https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/10/gm-halts-funding-of-robotaxi-development-by-cruise.html
- https://calmatters.org/economy/2023/10/driverless-cars-cruise-dmv/
- https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/general-motors-shuts-cruise-robotaxi-unit-mary-barra/735205/
Common questions
- What is Cruise?
- Autonomous vehicle company founded 2013, acquired by General Motors in 2016; operated as a largely autonomous GM subsidiary building driverless robotaxis. Launched driverless (no safety driver) taxi service in San Francisco (first driverless ride Nov 2021; open to public Feb 2022). Following the Oct 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident and subsequent regulatory fallout, suspended all operations Oct 2023; CEO/co-founder Kyle Vogt resigned Nov 2023. Began returning vehicles to public roads (with human safety drivers) May 2024. In December 2024, GM stopped funding Cruise's robotaxi business, folding the autonomous-driving work into driver-assistance systems for personal GM vehicles. The driverless-robotaxi business is effectively ended.
- Where is Cruise based?
- Cruise is based in San Francisco, California, USA.
- When was Cruise founded?
- Cruise was founded in 2013.
- What does Cruise make?
- Cruise has 2 robot models on the DEPLOY registry: Cruise Origin, Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt) (Cruise builds both physical robots and the AI that runs them).
- Where does Cruise operate robots?
- Cruise operates 1 verified deployment, including at San Francisco.
- Are there any incidents involving Cruise?
- 12 active incidents involving Cruise are on the DEPLOY registry. Each is a sourced, append-only record; retracted incidents are suppressed from this view.
- Is Cruise safe?
- Cruise has 12 active incidents on record in the DEPLOY registry. 7 recalls and 5 incidents on record (2 critical, 3 serious, 4 moderate). Most recent: Nov 2024. Retracted incidents are excluded from this count.
Methodology: Verified · 10 sources (2 primary) · last reviewed 2026-06-25
Verification posture
Verified
High confidence
Review state
Stable
Last reviewed 2026-06-25
Sources by quality tier
- 5
- unclassified
- Unclassified source
- 1
- knowledge-base
- Knowledge base
- 1
- primary-sec-filing
- SEC filing
- 1
- secondary-industry-publication
- Industry publication
- 1
- primary-company-ir
- Company IR disclosure
- 1
- secondary-established-publication
- Established publication
The framework is documented at /methodology. Corrections at /corrections. Reviewer: DEPLOY editorial team.
Methodology surface for Cruise.In the press
Recent coverage mentioning Cruise from third-party publications. Automatically surfaced; not part of the verified registry record.
Toyota’s electric SUV clears 17,500 sales, outpacing the Land Cruiser and key EV rivals
The new 2026 bZ has emerged as one of America’s best-selling EVs, outselling several of Toyota’s popular SUVs.
Tenways Wayfarer cruiser e-bike bundle at new $1,649 low ($827 off), Jackery July 4th power station sale, Aiper, Greenworks, more
Leading our Tuesday Green Deals is the special 4th of July flash sale on Tenways’ Wayfarer Premium Cruiser e-bike with a $277 FREE bundle of gear at a new $1,649 low . We also…
Here Is How Russia’s Skyfall Nuclear-Powered Cruise Missile Actually Works
Researchers conclude the nuclear-powered cruise missile almost certainly uses a direct-cycle engine that spews radioactive material throughout its flight. The post Here Is How…
GM restarts driverless car program more than a year after Cruise robotaxi incident
GM rebooting Cruise robotaxi business a year after folding it. Rebranding and relaunching with new safety protocols.
GM Shuts Down Cruise Division
GM abruptly shut down Cruise autonomous car division. Days before planned driver-out launch in Houston. Refocusing on Super Cruise.
Machine-readable surfaces
- Markdown mirror: /companies/cruise.md
- RSS feed: /companies/cruise/feed.xml
- JSON-LD: embedded in this page’s head
- REST API: /v1/companies/ce8ff680-3fe7-4398-b31b-f85dc3073f3a
- Revision history: /companies/cruise/history
- Data documentation: /data
- Query this programmatically: Deploy MCP
Video
South Korea just tested its new Heavenly Dragon air-launched cruise missile for the KF-21 Boramae fighter jet — and it worked. After two failed launches in Janu
DEPLOY Intelligence Score
14.5/ 100
6-month trend
Analysis
12 incidents on record.
Signal flags
Dimension breakdown
Funding Health
Market Presence
IP Activity
Deployment Scale
Hiring Signal
Safety Record
DEPLOY Intelligence scores are computed from verified registry data: confirmed deployments, disclosed funding rounds, regulatory filings, active job listings, video viewership, and press coverage. Confidence ratings reflect data availability. Scores update nightly.
Last computed: Jul 3, 2026
Intelligence layer